Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• from E13.5 to E18.5 the proportion of viable homozygous mice decreases with none born alive
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embryo
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• at E13.5, the extracellular matrix around fetal blood vessels is fragmented and fetal blood cells are occasionally seen infiltrating the trophoblast layer
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• at E13.5
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• at E13.5, the labyrinth layer is disorganized, reduced in thickness and contains less blood; however the spongiotrophoblast layer is similar to wild-type
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• at E13.5
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• at E13.5
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muscle
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• at E10.25, fewer progenitor cells have delaminated from the occipitally located somites and the precursor stream headed for the floor of the branchial arches contains fewer cells and does not extend as far distally as in wild-type
• at E10.25, fewer precursor cells are found in the forelimb bud with the dorsal forelimb most strongly affected
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• at E13.5 the diaphragm muscle is reduced in size; however the internal tongue muscle appears normal
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• at E14.5 in the proximal lower forelimb the extensor muscle groups are either absent or very small while the flexor groups are present and in the distal lower forelimb only traces of muscle cells are found
• at E14.5 in the hindlimb some muscle groups are present but reduced in size and distal muscles are more severely affected
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liver/biliary system
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• at E14.5, the liver to body weight ratio is significantly reduced (0.05 versus 0.088 in wild-type)
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growth/size/body
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• from E13.5 to E18.5 surviving embryos show a gradual delay in growth and development
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integument
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• at E14.5 follicle development appears normal but by E17.5 hair follicle outgrowth is retarded and the number of follicles is reduced possibly reflect the reduction in total body size
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• at E17.5
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• at E17.5, keratinization is reduced
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cardiovascular system
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• at E13.5, the extracellular matrix around fetal blood vessels is fragmented and fetal blood cells are occasionally seen infiltrating the trophoblast layer
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cellular
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• at E10.25, fewer progenitor cells have delaminated from the occipitally located somites and the precursor stream headed for the floor of the branchial arches contains fewer cells and does not extend as far distally as in wild-type
• at E10.25, fewer precursor cells are found in the forelimb bud with the dorsal forelimb most strongly affected
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