Analysis Tools
cellular
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• on a regular diet, mice exhibit a decrease in white adipose tissue (WAT) glucose uptake, however on a high-fat diet, uptake is increased so that the difference of glucose uptake in comparison to wild-type on a high-fat diet is eliminated
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mortality/aging
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• only 17% of the expected 25% of pups were observed
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adipose tissue
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• brown adipose tissue is disproportionally smaller in mice on a regular diet
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• white adipose tissue from gonadal fat pads is disproportionately smaller in mice on a regular diet
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• on a regular diet, adiposity is reduced with unaltered glucose handling and normal insulin sensitivity
• however when fed a high-fat diet, mice show a similar increase in overall adiposity as controls
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• on a regular diet, mice exhibit a decrease in white adipose tissue (WAT) glucose uptake, however on a high-fat diet, uptake is increased so that the difference of glucose uptake in comparison to wild-type on a high-fat diet is eliminated
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growth/size/body
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• 9% reduction in body weight at 32 weeks of age when fed a regular diet
• decrease in body weight is observed at 32 weeks of age but not at 6 weeks of age
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• mice are protected against high-fat-diet induced obesity, showing weight gain that is delayed and at a reduced rate; mice require 7 additional weeks of high-fat diet to reach the original weight of the wild-type mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
hypoglycemia
(
J:163905
)
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• overnight starvation leads to complete hepatic glycogen depletion, associated with hypoketotic hypoglycemia
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• mice on a high-fat diet exhibit lower serum insulin levels during the first 60 min of the glucose tolerance test
• however, normal serum insulin levels when fed a regular diet
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• males on a regular diet exhibit 10% increase in total energy expenditure
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• mice are protected against high-fat-diet induced obesity, showing weight gain that is delayed and at a reduced rate; mice require 7 additional weeks of high-fat diet to reach the original weight of the wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit improved glucose tolerance on a high-fat diet compared to wild-type mice on the same diet
• mutants on a high-fat diet are normoglycemic
• normal glucose sensitivity on a regular diet
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• decrease in glycogen deposition in the liver
• overnight starvation leads to complete hepatic glycogen depletion compared to partial depletion in wild-type liver and absence of restoration of hepatic glycogen content
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• males on a regular diet show a 1.6-fold higher level of serum adiponectin
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• males on a regular diet exhibit higher oxygen consumption, with an approximate 9% increase in the total metabolic rate
• however, body temperature, food intake and activity levels are similar to wild-type mice
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liver/biliary system
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• decrease in glycogen deposition in the liver
• overnight starvation leads to complete hepatic glycogen depletion compared to partial depletion in wild-type liver and absence of restoration of hepatic glycogen content
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• mice show resistance to hepatic steatosis after chronic exposure to a high-fat diet, however hepatic glucose uptake is not altered
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• overnight starvation results in increased hepatocellular autophagy (increase in autophagic vacuoles in the liver) and increased glycogen synthase levels
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