mortality/aging
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• nearly half of mice die within 1 day of birth
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respiratory system
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• dilated distal airways and patchy thickening of mesenchyme in some newborn mice
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• some mice exhibit reduced artery density in the proximal airways compared with wild-type mice
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• dilated distal airways in 7 of 21 mice between P1 and P8, more pronounced in accessory and middle lobes of the right lung
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cardiovascular system
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• some mice exhibit reduced artery density in the proximal airways compared with wild-type mice
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• fatal cardiac lesions in some newborn
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muscle
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• 6 of 21 mice exhibit an abnormal fusion of the central tendon to the liver surface with disorganized collagen bundles unlike in wild-type mice
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• in the ventral midline of some neonatal and adult mice with portions of the hernia sac near but not adherent to the liver contains a mixture of hepatocytes and connective tissue cells
• 3 of 21 mice exhibit overt herniation
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cellular
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• increased apoptosis without an affect on cell proliferation in amuscular diaphragm at E13.5
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skeleton
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• 6 of 21 mice exhibit an abnormal fusion of the central tendon to the liver surface with disorganized collagen bundles unlike in wild-type mice
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reproductive system
N |
• young adult females are fertile with no significant differences in average litter size, frequency of parturition, or ovarian follicular development relative to wild-type controls
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• ovaries of eCG-stimulated immature females are significantly smaller than eCG-treated wild-type ovaries
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• in response to exogenous gonadotropins, ovaries weigh significantly less than gonadotropin-stimulated wild-type ovaries
• however, unstimulated ovaries exhibit normal weight
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• ovaries of gonadotropin-stimulated immature females are significantly smaller, release fewer oocytes, produce less estrogen, and exhibit significantly lower mRNA levels of the steroidogenic genes Star, Cyp11a1, and Cyp19a1 than gonadotropin-stimulated wild-type ovaries
• however, basal ovarian levels of mRNA for Star, Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1 are normal
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• following eCG stimulation, uteri appear to be hypoestrogenic: glandular elements of the endometrial layer appear less complex, and only scattered glands are found in the stroma
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• uteri of eCG-stimulated immature females weigh significantly less than eCG-treated wild-type uteri
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• females exhibit significantly delayed puberty, as indicated by a delay in the onset of estrous cyclicity
• onset of vaginal cornification is moderately but not significantly delayed
• delay in puberty is not due to impaired growth
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• onset of estrous cyclicity is delayed an average of 12 days relative to wild-type females
• however, average cycle length and the proportion of time spent in any stage of the estrous cycle remain normal
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• in response to exogenous gonadotropins, immature females release significantly fewer oocytes into the oviducts than superovulated wild-type controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
endocrine/exocrine glands
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• ovaries of eCG-stimulated immature females are significantly smaller than eCG-treated wild-type ovaries
|
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• in response to exogenous gonadotropins, ovaries weigh significantly less than gonadotropin-stimulated wild-type ovaries
• however, unstimulated ovaries exhibit normal weight
|
|
• ovaries of gonadotropin-stimulated immature females are significantly smaller, release fewer oocytes, produce less estrogen, and exhibit significantly lower mRNA levels of the steroidogenic genes Star, Cyp11a1, and Cyp19a1 than gonadotropin-stimulated wild-type ovaries
• however, basal ovarian levels of mRNA for Star, Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1 are normal
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