mortality/aging
• mutant embryos failed to survive beyond E7.5
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embryo
• the embryonic ectoderm appeared thin and contained many condensed nuclei
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• mutant embryos arrested prior to the onset of gastrulation at approximately E6.5
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• mutant embryos stopped developing at E6.5, and were significantly smaller than wild-type by E7.5
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growth/size/body
• mutant embryos stopped developing at E6.5, and were significantly smaller than wild-type by E7.5
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cellular
• at E6.5, mutant embryos showed a global elevation in cyclin E1 protein levels, in the absence of altered levels of cyclin E1 mRNA
• outgrowths of mutant blastocysts failed to proliferate past 7 days in culture; trophoblast giant cells continued to endocycle despite elevated cyclin E1 levels
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• at E6.5, the developmental arrest was associated with a modest increase in apoptotic cells
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