Analysis Tools
endocrine/exocrine glands
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• by P13 and more severely by P21 vacuoles containing adherens junctions are seen in the seminiferous tubules of mutant mice
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reproductive system
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• in swim up preparations sperm counts are reduced to about 5% of heterozygous controls
• only 61% of mutant sperm are motile compared to 85% in heterozygous controls
• those mutant sperm that are motile display reduced sperm velocity parameters
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• by P13 and more severely by P21 vacuoles containing adherens junctions are seen in the seminiferous tubules of mutant mice
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• at P13 spermatogenesis is disrupted at meiosis I and at P21 mutant testes show a loss of meiotic germ cells
• at 4 weeks excess round germ cells are seen in the cauda epididymis this is not seen at 6 months
• by 6 weeks testes in mutants begin to recover with germ cells and sperm evident
• between 2 and 6 months spermatogenesis appears normal, however by 1 year a severe disruption in spermatogenesis with a complete loss of spermatocytes and spermatids is seen
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• total cauda epididymal sperm counts are reduced to 53% of heterozygous controls
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• infertile males are unable to process Adam2
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• only 1 male out of 17 sired any pups and that litter was smaller than normal
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• even when swim-up preparations of sperm were used to concentrate motile mutant sperm, mutant sperm fertilize a significantly lower percentage of eggs compared to heterozygous controls
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cellular
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• total cauda epididymal sperm counts are reduced to 53% of heterozygous controls
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• in swim up preparations sperm counts are reduced to about 5% of heterozygous controls
• only 61% of mutant sperm are motile compared to 85% in heterozygous controls
• those mutant sperm that are motile display reduced sperm velocity parameters
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