mortality/aging
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• homozygotes are born alive but die within 24 hrs of birth
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craniofacial
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• homozygotes show absence of fusion of the premaxillary and lateral walls of the lips
• in mice with bilateral cleft lips, the premaxillary or prolabium region is protruded with absent hair follicles
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• all homozygotes display malformed nasal turbinates
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• the nasal turbinates are reduced in size and number
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• the epithelial layer of the palatal shelves is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium on the nasal side and keratinized epithelium on the oral side
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• in homozygotes, the shelves of the secondary palate are significantly shorter and smaller than normal, thus exposing the nasal septum
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• homozygotes exhibit either incomplete cleft lips (where the facial processes destined to form the upper lip, medial and lateral nasal prominences appear nearly fused), or complete cleft lips (with visible separation of the facial processes)
• cleft lips are either unilateral or bilateral; complete unilateral clefts are frequently associated with partial cleft lips on the other side
• 11 of 16 homozygotets displayed bilateral cleft lips; 6 of these bilateral cleft lips were complete on one side and partial on the other, 4 were complete, and 1 was partial
• the remaining 5 of 11 homozygotes showed unilateral cleft lips, 3 complete and 2 partial
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• 11 of 16 homozygotets displayed bilateral cleft lips; 6 of these bilateral cleft lips were complete on one side and partial on the other, 4 were complete, and 1 was partial
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• complete unilateral clefts are frequently associated with partial cleft lips on the other side; 5 of 11 homozygotes showed unilateral cleft lips, 3 complete and 2 partial
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• in some homozygotes with incomplete cleft lips the premaxilla is normal but the hard palate is completely clefted and the nasal septum is exposed
• in others, the unilateral or bilateral clefts of the lip are complete and extend into the premaxillary region and hard palate
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• all homozygotes display a secondary cleft palate, regardless of whether the primary palate is intact or not
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• homozygotes exhibit a disrupted nasal cavity
• however, the nasal septum remains unaffected and is straight with a midline cartilage
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• all homozygotes display clefts of the midfacial region, including clefts of the palate combined with either unilateral or bilateral clefts of the lip
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growth/size/body
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• all homozygotes display malformed nasal turbinates
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• the nasal turbinates are reduced in size and number
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• the epithelial layer of the palatal shelves is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium on the nasal side and keratinized epithelium on the oral side
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• in homozygotes, the shelves of the secondary palate are significantly shorter and smaller than normal, thus exposing the nasal septum
|
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• homozygotes exhibit either incomplete cleft lips (where the facial processes destined to form the upper lip, medial and lateral nasal prominences appear nearly fused), or complete cleft lips (with visible separation of the facial processes)
• cleft lips are either unilateral or bilateral; complete unilateral clefts are frequently associated with partial cleft lips on the other side
• 11 of 16 homozygotets displayed bilateral cleft lips; 6 of these bilateral cleft lips were complete on one side and partial on the other, 4 were complete, and 1 was partial
• the remaining 5 of 11 homozygotes showed unilateral cleft lips, 3 complete and 2 partial
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• 11 of 16 homozygotets displayed bilateral cleft lips; 6 of these bilateral cleft lips were complete on one side and partial on the other, 4 were complete, and 1 was partial
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• complete unilateral clefts are frequently associated with partial cleft lips on the other side; 5 of 11 homozygotes showed unilateral cleft lips, 3 complete and 2 partial
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• in some homozygotes with incomplete cleft lips the premaxilla is normal but the hard palate is completely clefted and the nasal septum is exposed
• in others, the unilateral or bilateral clefts of the lip are complete and extend into the premaxillary region and hard palate
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• all homozygotes display a secondary cleft palate, regardless of whether the primary palate is intact or not
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• homozygotes exhibit a disrupted nasal cavity
• however, the nasal septum remains unaffected and is straight with a midline cartilage
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• all homozygotes display clefts of the midfacial region, including clefts of the palate combined with either unilateral or bilateral clefts of the lip
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• many newborn homozygotes display a bloated abdominal region
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respiratory system
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• all homozygotes display malformed nasal turbinates
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• the nasal turbinates are reduced in size and number
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• homozygotes exhibit a disrupted nasal cavity
• however, the nasal septum remains unaffected and is straight with a midline cartilage
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digestive/alimentary system
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• the epithelial layer of the palatal shelves is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium on the nasal side and keratinized epithelium on the oral side
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• in homozygotes, the shelves of the secondary palate are significantly shorter and smaller than normal, thus exposing the nasal septum
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• in some homozygotes with incomplete cleft lips the premaxilla is normal but the hard palate is completely clefted and the nasal septum is exposed
• in others, the unilateral or bilateral clefts of the lip are complete and extend into the premaxillary region and hard palate
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• all homozygotes display a secondary cleft palate, regardless of whether the primary palate is intact or not
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skeleton
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• homozygotes show absence of fusion of the premaxillary and lateral walls of the lips
• in mice with bilateral cleft lips, the premaxillary or prolabium region is protruded with absent hair follicles
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• all homozygotes display malformed nasal turbinates
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• the nasal turbinates are reduced in size and number
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• homozygotes exhibit inner ear defects (not shown)
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