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Phenotypes associated with this allele
Allele Symbol
Allele Name
Allele ID
Braf+
wild type
MGI:1857578
Summary 42 genotypes
Jump to Allelic Composition Genetic Background Genotype ID
ht1
Braftm1Bbd/Braf+ B6.129-Braftm1Bbd MGI:4946650
ht2
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+ involves: 129P2/OlaHsd MGI:3712025
ht3
Braftm1Bbd/Braf+ involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J MGI:4946646
ht4
Braftm1Bbd/Braf+ involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J * CD-1 MGI:4946647
cn5
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+ involves: 129P2/OlaHsd MGI:3712021
cn6
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+ involves: 129P2/OlaHsd MGI:5440069
cn7
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+ involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 MGI:5897856
cn8
Braftm2Cpri/Braf+ involves: C57BL/6 MGI:5440070
cn9
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Ptentm1Mro/Ptentm1Mro
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru/0
B6.Cg-Braftm1Mmcm Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru Ptentm1Mro MGI:5447169
cn10
Braftm2Cpri/Braf+
Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn/0
B6.Cg-Braftm2Cpri Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn MGI:5440072
cn11
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Scn10atm2(cre)Jwo/Scn10a+
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd MGI:5565458
cn12
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Grprtm1Jfb/?
Scn10atm2(cre)Jwo/Scn10a+
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ MGI:5565457
cn13
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Grptm1Jfb/Grptm1Jfb
Scn10atm2(cre)Jwo/Scn10a+
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J MGI:5565456
cn14
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Ezh2tm1.1Nesh/Ezh2+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * FVB MGI:6393921
cn15
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Tg(Tg-cre/ERT2)#Mmcm/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd MGI:5780077
cn16
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Trp53tm1Brn/Trp53tm1Brn
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd MGI:3712022
cn17
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Cdkn2atm4Rdp/Cdkn2atm4Rdp
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd MGI:3712026
cn18
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Ptentm2.1Ppp/Ptentm2.1Ppp
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * FVB MGI:5902129
cn19
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Ptentm2.1Ppp/Pten+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * FVB MGI:5902136
cn20
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6NTac MGI:5897855
cn21
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Trp53tm3.1Tyj/Trp53+
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6NTac MGI:5897857
cn22
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Trp53tm1Brn/Trp53tm3.1Tyj
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6NTac MGI:5897858
cn23
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj/0
Trp53tm1Brn/Trp53tm1Brn
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6NTac MGI:5897859
cn24
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Ptentm1Rdp/Ptentm1Rdp
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * FVB/N MGI:5902132
cn25
Braftm1.1Brd/Braf+
Cdkn2atm1.1Brn/Cdkn2atm1.1Brn
Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6 * SJL MGI:5528298
cn26
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * BALB/cJ * C57BL/6 MGI:3617227
cn27
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Tg(Mx1-cre)1Cgn/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * CBA MGI:3617228
cn28
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * FVB MGI:6393928
cn29
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Polr2atm1(cre/ERT2)Bbd/Polr2a+
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * SJL MGI:3712024
cn30
Braftm1Wds/Braf+
Raf1tm2Bacc/Raf1tm2Bacc
Tg(Nes-cre)1Kln/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * SJL MGI:3713540
cn31
Braftm1Sva/Braf+
Raf1tm2Bacc/Raf1tm2Bacc
Tg(Nes-cre)1Kln/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * SJL MGI:3713653
cn32
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * FVB MGI:5902125
cn33
Braftm1.1Brd/Braf+
Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum/0
Trp53tm2Tyj/Trp53tm2Tyj
involves: 129S4/SvJae * 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6 * SJL MGI:5528297
cn34
Braftm2Cpri/Braf+
Krastm4Tyj/Kras+
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 MGI:5440071
cn35
Braftm1Rima/Braf+
Krastm4Tyj/Kras+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru/0
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * DBA/2 MGI:4458349
cn36
Braftm1.1Brd/Braf+
Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum/0
involves: 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6 * SJL MGI:5528296
cn37
Braftm1Tumg/Braf+
Tg(CAG-cre)2Osb/0
involves: BALB/c * C57BL * C57BL/6J * DBA MGI:6164158
cn38
Braftm1Rima/Braf+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru/0
involves: C57BL/6 * DBA/2 MGI:4458350
cn39
Braftm1Rima/Braf+
Tg(GFP/KRAS2/ALPP)1Brn/0
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru/0
involves: C57BL/6 * DBA/2 * FVB/N MGI:4458351
cn40
Braftm1Tumg/Braf+
Tg(CAG-cre)2Osb/0
involves: C57BL * C57BL/6J * DBA MGI:5902221
cn41
Braftm1Tumg/Braf+
Tg(CAG-cre)2Osb/0
involves: C57BL * C57BL/6J * DBA * ICR MGI:6164161
cn42
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Tg(Mitf-cre)7114Gsb/0
STOCK Braftm1Mmcm Gt(ROSA)26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze Tg(Mitf-cre)7114Gsb/Cvrk MGI:6792072


Genotype
MGI:4946650
ht1
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Bbd/Braf+
Genetic
Background
B6.129-Braftm1Bbd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Bbd mutation (1 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• most mice die before 12 weeks of age
• Background Sensitivity: life span is reduced compared to mice on a mixed 129 and C57BL/6J background

craniofacial
• defects in the shape of the skull vault
• rounder and shorter head
• rounder and shorter head

growth/size/body
• increase in the heart to body weight ratio
• rounder and shorter head
• rounder and shorter head
• by P5
• phenotype becomes worse with age
• by P5
• phenotype becomes worse with age

behavior/neurological
• characterized by increase in the frequency of repetitive movements and locomotion
• males fail to mate but are not infertile
• Background Sensitivity: crossing onto a CD1 background reduces the breeding problems

cardiovascular system
• increase in the heart to body weight ratio

vision/eye
• seen in 40% of mice by 8 weeks of age
• incidence increases with age

immune system
• thymic disorganization and atrophy is seen in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• decrease in the number of immature terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive thymocytes in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• all tissues with lymphoid aggregates show massive apoptosis in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• massive apoptosis in the spleen white pulp in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

cellular
• most cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• this reduction is more evident in the kidney and in pancreatic acinar cells
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• massive apoptosis in the spleen white pulp in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

endocrine/exocrine glands
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• thymic disorganization and atrophy is seen in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• decrease in the number of immature terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive thymocytes in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• about 50% of mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age have reduced numbers and size of sebaceous glands in the skin

integument
• about 50% of mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age have reduced numbers and size of sebaceous glands in the skin

adipose tissue
• in about 50% of mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

digestive/alimentary system
• cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

renal/urinary system
• cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• at 2 months of age
• at 2 months of age

skeleton
• defects in the shape of the skull vault

hematopoietic system
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• massive apoptosis in the spleen white pulp in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• thymic disorganization and atrophy is seen in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• decrease in the number of immature terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive thymocytes in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome DOID:0060233 OMIM:PS115150
J:170095




Genotype
MGI:3712025
ht2
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
normal phenotype
• mice are fertile and born at Mendelian ratios, but no further phenotypic analysis is provided




Genotype
MGI:4946646
ht3
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Bbd/Braf+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Bbd mutation (1 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• very few mice survive beyond 30 weeks of life
• Background Sensitivity: life span is increased compared to mice on an inbred C57BL/6J background but decreased compared to mice on a mixed 129, C57BL/6J and CD-1 background
• 35% of mice die during the first 3 weeks of life

craniofacial
• defects in the shape of the skull vault
• rounder and shorter head
• rounder and shorter head

growth/size/body
• increase in the heart to body weight ratio
• rounder and shorter head
• rounder and shorter head
• by P5
• phenotype becomes worse with age
• by P5
• phenotype becomes worse with age

behavior/neurological
• characterized by increase in the frequency of repetitive movements and locomotion
• males fail to mate but are not infertile
• Background Sensitivity: crossing onto a CD1 background reduces the breeding problems

cardiovascular system
• increase in the heart to body weight ratio

vision/eye
• seen in 40% of mice by 8 weeks of age
• incidence increases with age

immune system
• thymic disorganization and atrophy is seen in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• decrease in the number of immature terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive thymocytes in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• all tissues with lymphoid aggregates show massive apoptosis in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• massive apoptosis in the spleen white pulp in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

cellular
• most cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• this reduction is more evident in the kidney and in pancreatic acinar cells
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• massive apoptosis in the spleen white pulp in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

endocrine/exocrine glands
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• thymic disorganization and atrophy is seen in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• decrease in the number of immature terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive thymocytes in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• about 50% of mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age have reduced numbers and size of sebaceous glands in the skin

integument
• about 50% of mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age have reduced numbers and size of sebaceous glands in the skin

adipose tissue
• in about 50% of mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

homeostasis/metabolism

renal/urinary system
• cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

digestive/alimentary system
• cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

skeleton
• defects in the shape of the skull vault

hematopoietic system
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• massive apoptosis in the spleen white pulp in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• thymic disorganization and atrophy is seen in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• decrease in the number of immature terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive thymocytes in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome DOID:0060233 OMIM:PS115150
J:170095




Genotype
MGI:4946647
ht4
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Bbd/Braf+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J * CD-1
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Bbd mutation (1 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• about 60% of mice survive past 40 weeks of age
• Background Sensitivity: life span is increased compared to mice on an inbred C57BL/6J or a mixed 129 and C57BL/6J background

craniofacial
• defects in the shape of the skull vault
• rounder and shorter head
• rounder and shorter head

growth/size/body
• increase in the heart to body weight ratio
• rounder and shorter head
• rounder and shorter head
• by P5
• phenotype becomes worse with age
• by P5
• phenotype becomes worse with age

behavior/neurological
• characterized by increase in the frequency of repetitive movements and locomotion
• males fail to mate but are not infertile
• Background Sensitivity: crossing onto a CD1 background reduces the breeding problems
• develop epileptic seizures around 12 weeks of age
• incidence of mice with seizures increase with age until about 20 weeks of age
• seizures appear in response to handling

cardiovascular system
• increase in the heart to body weight ratio
• increase in the ejection fraction and a decrease in the end diastolic and systolic volumes
• however, no difference in systolic arterial blood pressure is detected compared to wild-type controls

vision/eye
• seen in 40% of mice by 8 weeks of age
• incidence increases with age

neoplasm
• develop paragangliomas at a high frequency (20 of 25 mice) and with a short latency (about 5 months)
• develop pheochromocytomas at a high frequency (20 of 25 mice) and with a short latency (about 5 months)
• about 20% of tumor bearing mice show metastatis to distant tissue
• a few mice develop lung adenomas (grades II-III)

integument
• about 50% of mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age have reduced numbers and size of sebaceous glands in the skin
• melanocytic hyperplasia in the dermis

cellular
• most cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• this reduction is more evident in the kidney and in pancreatic acinar cells
• increase in the number of astrocytes in the brain at 8 weeks of age, independent of seizures
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• massive apoptosis in the spleen white pulp in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

immune system
• thymic disorganization and atrophy is seen in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• decrease in the number of immature terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive thymocytes in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• all tissues with lymphoid aggregates show massive apoptosis in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• massive apoptosis in the spleen white pulp in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

adipose tissue
• in about 50% of mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

endocrine/exocrine glands
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• thymic disorganization and atrophy is seen in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• decrease in the number of immature terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive thymocytes in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• about 50% of mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age have reduced numbers and size of sebaceous glands in the skin
• develop paragangliomas at a high frequency (20 of 25 mice) and with a short latency (about 5 months)
• develop pheochromocytomas at a high frequency (20 of 25 mice) and with a short latency (about 5 months)

renal/urinary system
• cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

respiratory system
• a few mice develop lung adenomas (grades II-III)
• at 4 months of age

nervous system
• develop epileptic seizures around 12 weeks of age
• incidence of mice with seizures increase with age until about 20 weeks of age
• seizures appear in response to handling
• increase in the number of astrocytes in the brain at 8 weeks of age, independent of seizures

pigmentation
• melanocytic hyperplasia in the dermis

muscle
• increase in the ejection fraction and a decrease in the end diastolic and systolic volumes
• however, no difference in systolic arterial blood pressure is detected compared to wild-type controls

skeleton
• defects in the shape of the skull vault

digestive/alimentary system
• cells show a reduction in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

hematopoietic system
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• massive apoptosis in the spleen white pulp in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• thymic disorganization and atrophy is seen in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age
• decrease in the number of immature terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive thymocytes in mice that become ill by 3 weeks of age

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome DOID:0060233 OMIM:PS115150
J:170095




Genotype
MGI:3712021
cn5
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• 7-8 weeks after adenoviral Cre intranasal administration to 6- to 8-week old mutants, treated animals are euthanized because they show labored breathing and general wasting

neoplasm
• cellular origins of cancerous are ambiguous aslesions are Clara Cell antigen-negative, but majority of cells express Surfactant protein C as early as 2 weeks after Cre treatment (CCA and SP-C are both markers of alveolar type II pneumocytes)
• 4 weeks after Cre treatment, mice are treated for 28 days with a pharmacological inhibitor of MEK1/2 which prevents almost all tumor development, while vehicle-treated animals show numerous lung tumors
• 7 weeks after high dose Cre treatment, evidence of multiple adenomatous tumor formation is present in mouse lungs, while no tumors are detected in untreated mice after 6 months
• papillary adenomas are detected 6-8 weeks after lower dose adenoviral Cre treatment; lesions seem to increase in size and number
• lesions arise in alveolar ducts expanding outward and around broncioles
• at ~14 weeks, papillary adenomas undergo changes at periphery; cells change such that they have more cytoplasm and become eosinophilic
• after lower dose Cre treatement, adenomas do not grow beyond ~900 um in diameter
• only 2 mice (of 57) that develop adenomas show evidence of progression to adenocarcinoma; cells from these mice display nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, and contour irregularities

respiratory system
• cellular origins of cancerous are ambiguous aslesions are Clara Cell antigen-negative, but majority of cells express Surfactant protein C as early as 2 weeks after Cre treatment (CCA and SP-C are both markers of alveolar type II pneumocytes)
• 4 weeks after Cre treatment, mice are treated for 28 days with a pharmacological inhibitor of MEK1/2 which prevents almost all tumor development, while vehicle-treated animals show numerous lung tumors
• 7 weeks after high dose Cre treatment, evidence of multiple adenomatous tumor formation is present in mouse lungs, while no tumors are detected in untreated mice after 6 months
• papillary adenomas are detected 6-8 weeks after lower dose adenoviral Cre treatment; lesions seem to increase in size and number
• lesions arise in alveolar ducts expanding outward and around broncioles
• at ~14 weeks, papillary adenomas undergo changes at periphery; cells change such that they have more cytoplasm and become eosinophilic
• after lower dose Cre treatement, adenomas do not grow beyond ~900 um in diameter
• only 2 mice (of 57) that develop adenomas show evidence of progression to adenocarcinoma; cells from these mice display nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, and contour irregularities
• 4 weeks after Cre administration, lung epithelium hyperplasia is observed
• at earlier times after Cre treatment, hyperplastic epithelium shows papillary outgrowths, but these were not seen at earlier time points (2-4 weeks post-treatment)




Genotype
MGI:5440069
cn6
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Cpri mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• mice infected with adenovirus cre exhibit increased incidence of lung tumors compared with Krastm4Tyj heterozygotes
• in mice infected with adenovirus cre

cellular
• primary mouse embryonic fibroblast treated with adenoviral-cre exhibit enhanced growth rate compared with wild-type cells

respiratory system
• mice infected with adenovirus cre exhibit increased incidence of lung tumors compared with Krastm4Tyj heterozygotes
• in mice infected with adenovirus cre




Genotype
MGI:5897856
cn7
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
endocrine/exocrine glands
• mice with surgical delivery of a cre-expressing adenovirus to the adult thyroid gland develop papillary thyroid carcinoma

neoplasm
• mice with surgical delivery of a cre-expressing adenovirus to the adult thyroid gland develop papillary thyroid carcinoma




Genotype
MGI:5440070
cn8
Allelic
Composition
Braftm2Cpri/Braf+
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm2Cpri mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
cellular
N
• mouse embryonic fibroblast treated with adenoviral-cre exhibit normal growth rate

respiratory system
N
• mice treated intranasally with adenovirus-cre do not exhibit lung abnormalities




Genotype
MGI:5447169
cn9
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Ptentm1Mro/Ptentm1Mro
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru/0
Genetic
Background
B6.Cg-Braftm1Mmcm Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru Ptentm1Mro
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Ptentm1Mro mutation (1 available); any Pten mutation (86 available)
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru mutation (1 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• tamoxifen-treated mice must be euthanized between 40 and 70 days due to tumor load or ulceration
• in tamoxifen treated mice

neoplasm
• tamoxifen-treated mice develop multiple heavily pigmented papules with an average latency of 18 days
• tamoxifen-treated mice exhibit metastasis in draining lymph nodes as early as 4 weeks after tumor induction
• however, no visceral metastasis is observed
• however, treatment with PLX4720 decreases tumor outgrowth
• in the absences of tamoxifen, most mice develop spontaneous melanomas due to leaky cre expression

integument
• in tamoxifen-treated mice
• tamoxifen-treated mice develop multiple heavily pigmented papules with an average latency of 18 days
• tamoxifen-treated mice exhibit metastasis in draining lymph nodes as early as 4 weeks after tumor induction
• however, no visceral metastasis is observed
• however, treatment with PLX4720 decreases tumor outgrowth
• in the absences of tamoxifen, most mice develop spontaneous melanomas due to leaky cre expression




Genotype
MGI:5440072
cn10
Allelic
Composition
Braftm2Cpri/Braf+
Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn/0
Genetic
Background
B6.Cg-Braftm2Cpri Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm2Cpri mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn mutation (9 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• only 70% of mice survive to adulthood with some mice lost after weaning

cardiovascular system

immune system
• in most mice
• 4-fold in most mice
• one mouse exhibits hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue at 73 weeks

neoplasm
• one mouse exhibits small intestinal adenoma at 79 weeks
• predisposition in aged mice

vision/eye
• including cataracts and watery eyes in some mice
• in some mice

craniofacial
• facial dysmorphia
• in some mice

growth/size/body
• facial dysmorphia
• in some mice
• in most mice
• 4-fold in most mice

muscle

nervous system

reproductive system
• one mouse exhibits hyperplasia of the smooth muscles of the uterus at 23 weeks
• in some mice

digestive/alimentary system
• one mouse exhibits small intestinal adenoma at 79 weeks
• predisposition in aged mice

hematopoietic system
• in most mice
• 4-fold in most mice

integument
• predisposition in aged mice

homeostasis/metabolism

skeleton
• in some mice




Genotype
MGI:5565458
cn11
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Scn10atm2(cre)Jwo/Scn10a+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Cpri mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Scn10atm2(cre)Jwo mutation (3 available); any Scn10a mutation (107 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
behavior/neurological
N
• behavioral responses to pain and motor functions are similar to controls prior to the onset of scratching
• at 4 to 6 weeks of age, show enhanced scratching responses to pruritogens injected into the nape
• both histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch are significantly enhanced
• age-dependent excessive scratching from 6 to 14 weeks of age, with about 50% of mice showing excessive scratching at 6 weeks of age
• at 4 to 6 weeks of age, show enhanced scratching responses to pruritogens injected into the nape
• both histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch are significantly enhanced

integument
• develop after the onset of excessive scratching

nervous system
• increase in the density of primary afferent fibers innervating the cervical and lumbar back hairy skin regions
• in the spinal cord CGRP+ fibers expand into lamina II inner layer and nonpeptidergic
• IB4+ fibers invade into laminae I and II outer layer domains
• increase in the number of pERK+ cells in dorsal root ganglion neurons at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segmental levels
• the number of GRP+ neurons is nearly doubled
• the percentage of single spike cells is decreased while the percentage of delayed firing cells is almost
• increase in the percentage of dorsal root ganglion cells responding to chloroquine and histamine




Genotype
MGI:5565457
cn12
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Grprtm1Jfb/?
Scn10atm2(cre)Jwo/Scn10a+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Cpri mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Grprtm1Jfb mutation (1 available); any Grpr mutation (16 available)
Scn10atm2(cre)Jwo mutation (3 available); any Scn10a mutation (107 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
behavior/neurological
N
• spontaneous scratching, seen in mutant mice wild-type for Grpr, is markedly diminished




Genotype
MGI:5565456
cn13
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Grptm1Jfb/Grptm1Jfb
Scn10atm2(cre)Jwo/Scn10a+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Cpri mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Grptm1Jfb mutation (1 available); any Grp mutation (32 available)
Scn10atm2(cre)Jwo mutation (3 available); any Scn10a mutation (107 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
behavior/neurological
N
• spontaneous scratching, seen in mutant mice wild-type for Grp, is markedly diminished




Genotype
MGI:6393921
cn14
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Ezh2tm1.1Nesh/Ezh2+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * FVB
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Ezh2tm1.1Nesh mutation (1 available); any Ezh2 mutation (71 available)
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos mutation (11 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• tamoxifen-treated mice show accelerated tumorigenesis of unpigmented, nonmetastatic melanoma compared to single Braf conditional mutants




Genotype
MGI:5780077
cn15
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Tg(Tg-cre/ERT2)#Mmcm/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(Tg-cre/ERT2)#Mmcm mutation (0 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• mice develop extensive papillary thyroid carcinomas by 12 months of tamoxifen treatment, first showing enlarged follicles within 7 days of tamoxifen treatment, a squamous morphology of thyrocytes accompanied by a large increase in follicle size and loss of colloid by 14 days of tamoixfen treatment, and tumor cells with characteristic papillary structure by 6 months of tamoxifen administration
• occasionally localized tumor invasion into the surrounding muscle is seen, however frank metastasis to lymph nodes or distant organs is not observed
• although mice have palpable thyroid tumors by 13 months of tamoxifen treatment, mice are not overtly sick
• mice not treated with tamoxifen show regions of papillary thyroid cancer with adjacent histologically normal thyroid architecture at 12 months of age, however these mice exhibit normal TSH and T4 levels
• treatment with PD0325901, an MEK1/2 inhibitor, results in regression of papillary thyroid cancer in tamoxifen-administered mutants
• treatment with PD0325901 and T3 results in further papillary thyroid cancer regression in tamoxifen-administered mutants

endocrine/exocrine glands
• mice not treated with tamoxifen exhibit increased thyroid volume, however thyroid architecture is normal, indicating some leakiness of the cre transgene
• within 7 days of tamoxifen treatment, mice show enlarged follicles throughout the entire gland
• tamoxifen treated mice develop an enlarged, goiterous, hypercellular thyroid that is up to 10 times larger than controls at 1 month and up to 300 times larger at 12 months after tamoxifen treatment
• treatment with PD0325901 leads to decreased thyroid size of tamoxifen-administered mice
• mice develop extensive papillary thyroid carcinomas by 12 months of tamoxifen treatment, first showing enlarged follicles within 7 days of tamoxifen treatment, a squamous morphology of thyrocytes accompanied by a large increase in follicle size and loss of colloid by 14 days of tamoixfen treatment, and tumor cells with characteristic papillary structure by 6 months of tamoxifen administration
• occasionally localized tumor invasion into the surrounding muscle is seen, however frank metastasis to lymph nodes or distant organs is not observed
• although mice have palpable thyroid tumors by 13 months of tamoxifen treatment, mice are not overtly sick
• mice not treated with tamoxifen show regions of papillary thyroid cancer with adjacent histologically normal thyroid architecture at 12 months of age, however these mice exhibit normal TSH and T4 levels
• treatment with PD0325901, an MEK1/2 inhibitor, results in regression of papillary thyroid cancer in tamoxifen-administered mutants
• treatment with PD0325901 and T3 results in further papillary thyroid cancer regression in tamoxifen-administered mutants
• mice develop hypothyroidism by 1-3 months of tamoxifen treatment

homeostasis/metabolism
• mice exhibit a decrease in serum T4 levels at 1 and 3 months of tamoxifen treatment
• mice not treated with tamoxifen exhibit normal T4 levels
• 100-fold increase in serum TSH levels at 1 and 3 months of tamoxifen treatment
• mice not treated with tamoxifen exhibit normal levels of TSH

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
papillary thyroid carcinoma DOID:3969 OMIM:188550
J:172205




Genotype
MGI:3712022
cn16
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Trp53tm1Brn/Trp53tm1Brn
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Trp53tm1Brn mutation (20 available); any Trp53 mutation (237 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• 8 weeks after adenoCre treatment, lungs show rapid cancer progression with increased proliferation compared to Trp53-sufficient mice
• tumors show nodules composed of central papillary structures with solid peripheral areas
• all double mutants show increased proliferation, and cells show altered nuclear morphology, while Trp53 conditional single mutants have normal lung phenotypes
• 2/5 mice are found to have prominent adenocarcinomas, composed of glandular structures lined by atypical cells with enlarged nuclei, hyperchromasia, contour irregularities, and prominent nucleoli
• large areas of necrosis are present in adenocarcinomas, with evidence of lymphatic and vascular invasion

respiratory system
• 8 weeks after Cre treatment, some small airways display papillary hyperplasia, not seen in Braf-conditional mice
• 8 weeks after adenoCre treatment, lungs show rapid cancer progression with increased proliferation compared to Trp53-sufficient mice
• tumors show nodules composed of central papillary structures with solid peripheral areas
• all double mutants show increased proliferation, and cells show altered nuclear morphology, while Trp53 conditional single mutants have normal lung phenotypes
• 2/5 mice are found to have prominent adenocarcinomas, composed of glandular structures lined by atypical cells with enlarged nuclei, hyperchromasia, contour irregularities, and prominent nucleoli
• large areas of necrosis are present in adenocarcinomas, with evidence of lymphatic and vascular invasion




Genotype
MGI:3712026
cn17
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Cdkn2atm4Rdp/Cdkn2atm4Rdp
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Cdkn2atm4Rdp mutation (0 available); any Cdkn2a mutation (59 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• Cre-treated mice show scattered papillary adenomas with evidence of subpleural nodules harboring cords of atypical cells trapped within regions of mesenchymal proliferation
• 2/4 mice display multiple lung tumors with a bronchioalveolar component

respiratory system
• Cre-treated mice show scattered papillary adenomas with evidence of subpleural nodules harboring cords of atypical cells trapped within regions of mesenchymal proliferation
• 2/4 mice display multiple lung tumors with a bronchioalveolar component




Genotype
MGI:5902129
cn18
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Ptentm2.1Ppp/Ptentm2.1Ppp
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * FVB
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Ptentm2.1Ppp mutation (0 available); any Pten mutation (86 available)
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos mutation (11 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
integument
• 7-10 days following 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) treatment, all mice show expansion of highly pigmented cells that develop into pigmented malignant lesions in locations of 4-HT administration such as the face, flank, or tail skin
• pigmented melanoma cells are seen throughout the dermis and subcutis of 4-HT treated mice and show pagetoid spread into the epidermis
• lesions in 4-HT treated mice progress rapidly to advanced malignancy such that all mice require euthanasia 25-50 days following 4-HT administration
• treatment of 4-HT treated mice with the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD325901 or the mTorc1 inhibitor rapamycin inhibits melanoma formation
• mice in which drug treatment is ceased subsequently develop malignant melanoma
• mice treated once with PD325901 to prevent melanoma remain sensitive to the anti-melanoma action of a second round of PD325901 administration

neoplasm
• 7-10 days following 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) treatment, all mice show expansion of highly pigmented cells that develop into pigmented malignant lesions in locations of 4-HT administration such as the face, flank, or tail skin
• pigmented melanoma cells are seen throughout the dermis and subcutis of 4-HT treated mice and show pagetoid spread into the epidermis
• lesions in 4-HT treated mice progress rapidly to advanced malignancy such that all mice require euthanasia 25-50 days following 4-HT administration
• treatment of 4-HT treated mice with the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD325901 or the mTorc1 inhibitor rapamycin inhibits melanoma formation
• mice in which drug treatment is ceased subsequently develop malignant melanoma
• mice treated once with PD325901 to prevent melanoma remain sensitive to the anti-melanoma action of a second round of PD325901 administration
• spread of melanoma in 4-HT treated mice is seen into the regional draining lymph nodes in 100% of mice and to the lungs in some cases

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
skin melanoma DOID:8923 J:151023




Genotype
MGI:5902136
cn19
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Ptentm2.1Ppp/Pten+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * FVB
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Ptentm2.1Ppp mutation (0 available); any Pten mutation (86 available)
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos mutation (11 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
integument
• 4-HT treated mice eventually develop focal malignant melanomas

neoplasm
• 4-HT treated mice eventually develop focal malignant melanomas

pigmentation
• 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) treated mice initially develop benign melanocytic lesions but they eventually develop focal malignant melanomas




Genotype
MGI:5897855
cn20
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6NTac
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj mutation (1 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
endocrine/exocrine glands
• mice administered tamoxifen develop papillary thyroid carcinomas
• tumors show both papillary growth morphology and nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma
• even with very long latency, extrathyroidal invasion is not seen and cervical lymph node metastases are not seen

neoplasm
• mice administered tamoxifen develop papillary thyroid carcinomas
• tumors show both papillary growth morphology and nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma
• even with very long latency, extrathyroidal invasion is not seen and cervical lymph node metastases are not seen

respiratory system
• tamoxifen treated mice generally succumb to respiratory compromise due to tracheal compression by large noninvasive tumors




Genotype
MGI:5897857
cn21
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Trp53tm3.1Tyj/Trp53+
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6NTac
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj mutation (1 available)
Trp53tm3.1Tyj mutation (1 available); any Trp53 mutation (237 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• tamoxifen treated mice exhibit shortened survival

endocrine/exocrine glands
• tamoxifen treated mice develop large papillary thyroid carcinoma that exhibit features associated with aggressive behavior including solid growth, tall cell morphology, focal necrosis, and hobnail features
• about 50% of mice with papillary thyroid carcinoma acquire poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma or undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

neoplasm
• tamoxifen treated mice develop large papillary thyroid carcinoma that exhibit features associated with aggressive behavior including solid growth, tall cell morphology, focal necrosis, and hobnail features
• about 50% of mice with papillary thyroid carcinoma acquire poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma or undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma




Genotype
MGI:5897858
cn22
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Trp53tm1Brn/Trp53tm3.1Tyj
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6NTac
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj mutation (1 available)
Trp53tm1Brn mutation (20 available); any Trp53 mutation (237 available)
Trp53tm3.1Tyj mutation (1 available); any Trp53 mutation (237 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
endocrine/exocrine glands
• tamoxifen treated mice exhibit accelerated progression to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and overt undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with highly pleomorphic, atypical cells with evidence of necrosis

neoplasm
• tamoxifen treated mice exhibit accelerated progression to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and overt undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with highly pleomorphic, atypical cells with evidence of necrosis




Genotype
MGI:5897859
cn23
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj/0
Trp53tm1Brn/Trp53tm1Brn
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6NTac
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(TPO-cre/ERT2)1139Tyj mutation (1 available)
Trp53tm1Brn mutation (20 available); any Trp53 mutation (237 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• median survival of about 6 months following tumor induction with tamoxifen
• tumor induced mice treated with the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 show improved survival
• tumor induced mice treated with both the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 and the selective MEK inhibitor PD0325901show prolonged survival

neoplasm
• tamoxifen treated mice exhibit accelerated progression from papillary thyroid carcinoma to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and overt undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with highly pleomorphic, atypical cells with evidence of necrosis
• carcinoma in tamoxifen treated mice shows tracheal invasion and extrathyroidal extension
• marker analysis indicates that anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in tamoxifen treated mice originates from thyroid epithelium
• tumors from tamoxifen treated mice exhibit very slow initial growth upon induction but rapid tumor growth after a variable latency
• mice supplemented with L-thyroxine immediately following tamoxifen administration show suppressed TSH levels and develop anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with a similar latency as unsupplemented controls
• anaplastic thyroid carcinomas exhibit a gene expression profile of high-grade, undifferentiated carcinomas
• tumor induced mice treated with the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 show improved survival and a decrease in contralateral papillary thyroid carcinomas, however no decrease in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma size is seen and tumors even grow larger
• tumor induced mice treated with both the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 and the selective MEK inhibitor PD0325901 show complete regression of tumors and prolonged survival
• 19% of tamoxifen treated mice exhibit lung metastases
• however, region lymph node metastases are not seen

endocrine/exocrine glands
• tamoxifen treated mice exhibit accelerated progression from papillary thyroid carcinoma to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and overt undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with highly pleomorphic, atypical cells with evidence of necrosis
• carcinoma in tamoxifen treated mice shows tracheal invasion and extrathyroidal extension
• marker analysis indicates that anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in tamoxifen treated mice originates from thyroid epithelium
• tumors from tamoxifen treated mice exhibit very slow initial growth upon induction but rapid tumor growth after a variable latency
• mice supplemented with L-thyroxine immediately following tamoxifen administration show suppressed TSH levels and develop anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with a similar latency as unsupplemented controls
• anaplastic thyroid carcinomas exhibit a gene expression profile of high-grade, undifferentiated carcinomas
• tumor induced mice treated with the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 show improved survival and a decrease in contralateral papillary thyroid carcinomas, however no decrease in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma size is seen and tumors even grow larger
• tumor induced mice treated with both the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 and the selective MEK inhibitor PD0325901 show complete regression of tumors and prolonged survival

homeostasis/metabolism
• small increase in TSH levels (less than 10-fold elevation) in tamoxifen treated mice
• mice supplemented with L-thyroxine immediately following tamoxifen administration show suppressed TSH levels

respiratory system
• tamoxifen treated mice quickly deteriorate after progression to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, with rapidly growing neck masses and development of audible respiratory stridor




Genotype
MGI:5902132
cn24
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Ptentm1Rdp/Ptentm1Rdp
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * FVB/N
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Ptentm1Rdp mutation (0 available); any Pten mutation (86 available)
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos mutation (11 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
integument
• 7-10 days following 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) treatment, all mice show expansion of highly pigmented cells that develop into pigmented malignant lesions in locations of 4-HT administration such as the face, flank, or tail skin
• pigmented melanoma cells are seen throughout the dermis and subcutis of 4-HT treated mice and show pagetoid spread into the epidermis
• lesions in 4-HT treated mice progress rapidly to advanced malignancy such that all mice require euthanasia 25-50 days following 4-HT administration
• treatment of 4-HT treated mice with the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD325901 or the mTorc1 inhibitor rapamycin inhibits melanoma formation
• mice in which drug treatment is ceased subsequently develop malignant melanoma
• mice treated once with PD325901 to prevent melanoma remain sensitive to the anti-melanoma action of a second round of PD325901 administration
• treatment of melanoma bearing mice with either PD325901 or rapamycin inhibits further tumor growth but has little or no effect on tumor regression
• treatment of melanoma bearing with both PD325901 or rapamycin results in a 20% reduction in tumor size

neoplasm
• 7-10 days following 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) treatment, all mice show expansion of highly pigmented cells that develop into pigmented malignant lesions in locations of 4-HT administration such as the face, flank, or tail skin
• pigmented melanoma cells are seen throughout the dermis and subcutis of 4-HT treated mice and show pagetoid spread into the epidermis
• lesions in 4-HT treated mice progress rapidly to advanced malignancy such that all mice require euthanasia 25-50 days following 4-HT administration
• treatment of 4-HT treated mice with the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD325901 or the mTorc1 inhibitor rapamycin inhibits melanoma formation
• mice in which drug treatment is ceased subsequently develop malignant melanoma
• mice treated once with PD325901 to prevent melanoma remain sensitive to the anti-melanoma action of a second round of PD325901 administration
• treatment of melanoma bearing mice with either PD325901 or rapamycin inhibits further tumor growth but has little or no effect on tumor regression
• treatment of melanoma bearing with both PD325901 or rapamycin results in a 20% reduction in tumor size
• spread of melanoma is seen into the regional draining lymph nodes in 100% of mice and to the lungs in some cases

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
skin melanoma DOID:8923 J:151023




Genotype
MGI:5528298
cn25
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1.1Brd/Braf+
Cdkn2atm1.1Brn/Cdkn2atm1.1Brn
Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6 * SJL
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1.1Brd mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Cdkn2atm1.1Brn mutation (1 available); any Cdkn2a mutation (59 available)
Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum mutation (2 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• 1.3 fold increase in serrated adenomas relative to mice with unmutated Cdkn2a alleles (not statistically significant)
• 6.4 fold increase in carcinomas relative to mice with unmutated Cdkn2a alleles

digestive/alimentary system
• 1.3 fold increase in serrated adenomas relative to mice with unmutated Cdkn2a alleles (not statistically significant)




Genotype
MGI:3617227
cn26
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * BALB/cJ * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Cpri mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(CMV-cre)1Cgn mutation (9 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• embryos with high levels of Cre mediated recombination are in the process of being resorbed at E7.5, while those with more mosaic recombination survived to later ages but still die before birth




Genotype
MGI:3617228
cn27
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Cpri/Braf+
Tg(Mx1-cre)1Cgn/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * CBA
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Cpri mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(Mx1-cre)1Cgn mutation (10 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• even in the absence of pI-pC injection to induce Cre expression some recombination is seen and all mice are dead before 4 weeks of age

neoplasm
• histiocytes containing the recombined allele are found in extranodal sites predominantly in the skin consistent with nonlymphoid leukemia of the histiocytic type

hematopoietic system
• seen in the spleen and liver
• red and white blood cell numbers in the bone marrow are reduced with red blood cells virtually absent

liver/biliary system
• increased proliferation and apoptosis are seen

immune system

growth/size/body




Genotype
MGI:6393928
cn28
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * FVB
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos mutation (11 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
N
• tamoxifen-treated mice do not develop melanoma




Genotype
MGI:3712024
cn29
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Polr2atm1(cre/ERT2)Bbd/Polr2a+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * SJL
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Polr2atm1(cre/ERT2)Bbd mutation (3 available); any Polr2a mutation (94 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• with induction of Cre expression from the transgene, multiple adenomatous tumors form in mouse lungs

respiratory system
• with induction of Cre expression from the transgene, multiple adenomatous tumors form in mouse lungs




Genotype
MGI:3713540
cn30
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Wds/Braf+
Raf1tm2Bacc/Raf1tm2Bacc
Tg(Nes-cre)1Kln/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * SJL
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Wds mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Raf1tm2Bacc mutation (2 available); any Raf1 mutation (116 available)
Tg(Nes-cre)1Kln mutation (4 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
normal phenotype
• mice show no phenotypic abnormalities at any stage




Genotype
MGI:3713653
cn31
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Sva/Braf+
Raf1tm2Bacc/Raf1tm2Bacc
Tg(Nes-cre)1Kln/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 * SJL
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Sva mutation (1 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Raf1tm2Bacc mutation (2 available); any Raf1 mutation (116 available)
Tg(Nes-cre)1Kln mutation (4 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
normal phenotype
• mice show no phenotypic abnormalities at any stage




Genotype
MGI:5902125
cn32
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * FVB
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos mutation (11 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
pigmentation
• pigmented lesions in 4-HT treated mice are frequently located at the dermal-epidermal junction with extension into the dermis, indicating melanocytic nevi
• other melanocytic proliferations form in the dermis with no junctional component in 4-HT treated mice

integument
• mice treated with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) either topically or systemically develop highly pigmented lesions that are detected by 21-28 days after 4-HT administration; these are small papular pigmented lesions that are not malignant
• topical administration of high concentrations of 4-HT occasionally results in periocular lesions on the face and on the glabrous skin of the paws




Genotype
MGI:5528297
cn33
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1.1Brd/Braf+
Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum/0
Trp53tm2Tyj/Trp53tm2Tyj
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S4/SvJae * 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6 * SJL
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1.1Brd mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum mutation (2 available)
Trp53tm2Tyj mutation (2 available); any Trp53 mutation (237 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• invasiveness of cancers considerably increased
• 56% of mice at 10-20 months
• 25% of cancerous mice have metastases




Genotype
MGI:5440071
cn34
Allelic
Composition
Braftm2Cpri/Braf+
Krastm4Tyj/Kras+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm2Cpri mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Krastm4Tyj mutation (11 available); any Kras mutation (69 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
cellular
• in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts treated with adenovirus-cre compared with wild-type cells although not as much as in cells heterozygous for Krastm4Tyj

neoplasm
• in mice infected with adenovirus cre
• however, mice do not exhibit increased lung tumor incidence compared with Krastm4Tyj heterozygotes

respiratory system
• in mice infected with adenovirus cre
• however, mice do not exhibit increased lung tumor incidence compared with Krastm4Tyj heterozygotes




Genotype
MGI:4458349
cn35
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Rima/Braf+
Krastm4Tyj/Kras+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * DBA/2
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Rima mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Krastm4Tyj mutation (11 available); any Kras mutation (69 available)
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru mutation (1 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• within 6 months, tamoxifen-treated mice develop large, rapid growing oligo-pigmented tumors with ulceration unlike wild-type mice
• tumors in tamoxifen-treated mice are largely composed of spindle cells with malignancy features

pigmentation
• within 2 to 3 months, tamoxifen-treated mice exhibit a darkening of the tails, ears, and paws compared with wild-type mice




Genotype
MGI:5528296
cn36
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1.1Brd/Braf+
Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6 * SJL
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1.1Brd mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(Vil1-cre)997Gum mutation (2 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
digestive/alimentary system
• increased number of proliferating cells (hyperproliferation) in the mucosa
• levels of apoptosis are unchanged
• generalized crypt hyperplasia affecting almost all crypts
• crypt hyperplasia and mucosal protrusions
• significantly elongated and thickened
• significantly elongated
• significantly elongated and thickened
• villi are thickened and deformed
• villi are often branched
• significantly elongated
• focal serrated epithelial formations with cytomorphologic features of human microvesicular or goblet rich hyperplastic polyps
• predominantly in the small intestine
• macroscopic tumors and dysplasia in some mice at 2-3 months of age
• all mice with dysplastic lesions by 10 months
• dysplastic lesions in 10 month old mice with features of human serrated adenomas
• crypt elongation and serrated eosinophilic adenomatous epithelium
• only 5 of 95 tumors found were in the large intestine
• increased proliferation in murine adenoma with dysplasia

neoplasm
• macroscopic tumors and dysplasia in some mice at 2-3 months of age
• all mice with dysplastic lesions by 10 months
• dysplastic lesions in 10 month old mice with features of human serrated adenomas
• crypt elongation and serrated eosinophilic adenomatous epithelium
• only 5 of 95 tumors found were in the large intestine
• increased proliferation in murine adenoma with dysplasia
• in 8.3% of mice under 10 months of age
• in 13.8% of mice older than 10 months

endocrine/exocrine glands
• generalized crypt hyperplasia affecting almost all crypts
• crypt hyperplasia and mucosal protrusions




Genotype
MGI:6164158
cn37
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Tumg/Braf+
Tg(CAG-cre)2Osb/0
Genetic
Background
involves: BALB/c * C57BL * C57BL/6J * DBA
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Tumg mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(CAG-cre)2Osb mutation (2 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• a few mice survive to adulthood, although all mice die within 24 weeks
• about 50% of mice die at P5 and 90% at weaning (P28)

growth/size/body
• mice exhibit higher heart weight to body weight ratio at P5, indicating cardiomegaly

cardiovascular system
• 5 of 6 mice exhibit a large secundum atrial septal defect (ASDII), while 1 of 6 mice exhibit a small ASDII or patent foramen ovale
• however, cardiac valve defects and apparent abnormalities in other tissues are not seen
• 1 of 6 mice exhibit a small ASDII or patent foramen ovale
• mice exhibit higher heart weight to body weight ratio at P5, indicating cardiomegaly

integument

liver/biliary system
• 36% of mice show liver necrosis at P3

reproductive system
• females are infertile
• however, males are fertile




Genotype
MGI:4458350
cn38
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Rima/Braf+
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6 * DBA/2
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Rima mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru mutation (1 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
pigmentation
N
• mice exhibit normal pigmentation and do not develop nevi

neoplasm
N
• mice do not develop tumors




Genotype
MGI:4458351
cn39
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Rima/Braf+
Tg(GFP/KRAS2/ALPP)1Brn/0
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6 * DBA/2 * FVB/N
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Rima mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(GFP/KRAS2/ALPP)1Brn mutation (0 available)
Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)1Lru mutation (1 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• tamoxifen-treated mice exhibit rapid onset of melanoma with a median onset at 2 months and 100% penetrance within 3 months




Genotype
MGI:5902221
cn40
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Tumg/Braf+
Tg(CAG-cre)2Osb/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL * C57BL/6J * DBA
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Tumg mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(CAG-cre)2Osb mutation (2 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
cardiovascular system
• 93% of hearts at E16.5 show various defects
• 3 of 14 embryos show hypoplasia of the coronary arteries
• E14.5 hearts show an increase in density of trabeculae (hypertrabeculation)
• 4 of 14 embryos exhibit a thickened trabecular layer and thinned compact layer in the left, right, or combined myocardium
• 4 of 14 embryos exhibit a thickened trabecular layer and thinned compact layer in the left, right, or combined myocardium
• hearts exhibit enhanced cell proliferation
• at E13.5, the interventricular septum and myocardium show enhanced cell proliferation
• at E16.5, the pulmonary valves and the interventricular septum in fetuses with ventricular septal defect, show enhanced cell proliferation
• 2 of 14 embryos exhibit abnormal endocardial cushion
• 9 of 14 embryos show hypertrophy of mitral valves
• co-treatment with PD0325901 and an inhibitor of histone H3K27 demethylase UTX, GSK-J4, ameliorates enlarged mitral valves, however, no difference in the frequency of heart defects is seen
• 8 of 14 embryos show hypertrophy of tricuspid valves
• co-treatment with PD0325901 and an inhibitor of histone H3K27 demethylase UTX, GSK-J4, ameliorates enlarged tricuspid valves, however, no difference in the frequency of heart defects is seen
• ventricular radius and the thickness of the tricuspid valves are higher
• 2 of 14 embryos exhibit ventricular septal defect
• increase in heart size at E16.5
• hypertrophy in pulmonary valve leaflets is prominent, plugging the entire space of the pulmonary valve ring
• E12.5 hearts show an enlarged pulmonary valve
• co-treatment with PD0325901 and an inhibitor of histone H3K27 demethylase UTX, GSK-J4, ameliorates enlarged pulmonary valves, however, no difference in the frequency of heart defects is seen
• 7 of 14 embryos show hypertrophy of pulmonary valves
• ventricular radius and the thickness of the pulmonary valves are higher
• 2 of 14 embryos show epicardial blisters
• at E16.5, about 9.8% of embryos are hemorrhagic and edematous
• about 11.1% of fetuses at E18.5 and E19.5 show alveolar hemorrhage
• however, lungs are able to inflate

immune system
• cavities such as the jugular lymphatic sacs from E12.5 to E14.5 are observed unlike in wild-type where they are hardly observed at this time, suggesting defective lymphatic development from the cardinal vein
• marker analysis indicates that embryos show defective lymphatic development from the cardinal vein, leading to distended and blood-filled jugular lymphatic sacs at E12.5 and E16.5, dilated lymphatic vessels and edema

craniofacial
• 5.1% of embryos show mandibular hypoplasia and kyphosis

homeostasis/metabolism
• embryos delivered by cesarean section at E18.5 and E19.5 are pale, without movement and gasp for breath with cyanotic appearance and death within a few hours
• at E16.5, about 9.8% of embryos are hemorrhagic and edematous

liver/biliary system
• decrease in liver weight is seen already at E16.5
• 88% of E18.5 fetuses show severe peripheral liver necrosis with decreased liver size and liver weight

mortality/aging
• no surviving mice are seen at weaning and survival rate of embryos drops after E16.5 indicating embryonic and neonatal lethality
• no surviving mice are seen at weaning and survival rate of embryos drops after E16.5 indicating embryonic and neonatal lethality
• treatment of pregnant mice with the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 partly rescues embryonic lethality and combined treatment with PD0325901 and a histone demethylase inhibitor further increases survival rate

muscle
• E14.5 hearts show an increase in density of trabeculae (hypertrabeculation)
• 4 of 14 embryos exhibit a thickened trabecular layer and thinned compact layer in the left, right, or combined myocardium
• 4 of 14 embryos exhibit a thickened trabecular layer and thinned compact layer in the left, right, or combined myocardium

respiratory system
• about 11.1% of fetuses at E18.5 and E19.5 show alveolar hemorrhage
• however, lungs are able to inflate

skeleton
• 5.1% of embryos show mandibular hypoplasia and kyphosis
• 5.1% of embryos show mandibular hypoplasia and kyphosis

growth/size/body
• increase in heart size at E16.5
• 5.1% of embryos show mandibular hypoplasia and kyphosis

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome DOID:0060233 OMIM:PS115150
J:216228




Genotype
MGI:6164161
cn41
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Tumg/Braf+
Tg(CAG-cre)2Osb/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL * C57BL/6J * DBA * ICR
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Tumg mutation (0 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Tg(CAG-cre)2Osb mutation (2 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
mortality/aging
• about 50% of mice survive for over 4 weeks, while 31% survive for over 74 weeks

cellular
• cardiomyocytes from 2 of 4 mice exhibit irregularly shaped and heterogeneous size of mitochondria, while the other half of remaining mice have numerous granules in the mitochondria, indicating cell injury
• however, cardiomyocytes exhibit normal sarcomeric structure and sarcoplasmic reticulum

growth/size/body
• heart weight to body weight ratio is higher
• however heart size at 26 weeks of age is normal, no differences in cardiomyocyte size or number and no fibrosis is seen
• 67% of females develop a unilateral ovarian cyst filled with serous fluid at 10 weeks of age
• at 26 weeks of age, 100% of females have unilateral or bilateral severe ovarian cysts
• although body weights of mice are normal from birth to 2 days, after 1 week, weights are lower

cardiovascular system
• cardiomyocytes from 2 of 4 mice exhibit irregularly shaped and heterogeneous size of mitochondria, while the other half of remaining mice have numerous granules in the mitochondria, indicating cell injury
• however, cardiomyocytes exhibit normal sarcomeric structure and sarcoplasmic reticulum
• 4 of 7 E16.5 mutants have a dramatic increase in the density of trabeculae
• thickened at E16.5
• echocardiography shows blood flow from the left atrium to right atrium in 3 of 7 adult mice, indicating presence of atrial septal defects
• heart weight to body weight ratio is higher
• however heart size at 26 weeks of age is normal, no differences in cardiomyocyte size or number and no fibrosis is seen
• 4 of 7 E16.5 mutants show thickened pulmonary valve leaflets
• pulsed-wave Doppler waveforms at the pulmonary valve show higher ejection speed, indicating pulmonary stenosis in adults
• pulmonary valve stenosis is induced by thickened valve leaflets without evidence of infundibular stenosis
• however, M-mode echocardiography shows normal systolic and diastolic function in adults

craniofacial
• skull lengths are shorter in 8 week old mice
• however, skull widths are normal

behavior/neurological
• in the contextual fear-conditioning test, mice show reduced freezing behavior in response to re-presentation of the context, indicating a learning deficit
• stomach milk contents are decreased in all mice, suggesting a feeding problem
• slight decrease in the moving speed in the open-field test and in the Y-maze test
• however, overall behavior of the mice is essentially normal in the open-field, light-dark transition test, and Y-maze
• slight decrease in the total rearing number in the open-field test

endocrine/exocrine glands
• 67% of females develop a unilateral ovarian cyst filled with serous fluid at 10 weeks of age
• at 26 weeks of age, 100% of females have unilateral or bilateral severe ovarian cysts

integument
• 68% of mice exhibit long and/or dystrophic nails
• 68% of mice exhibit long and/or dystrophic nails

limbs/digits/tail
• 50% of mice exhibit extra digits on the forelimbs, while 3.6% of mice exhibit extra digits on the hindlimbs

muscle
• cardiomyocytes from 2 of 4 mice exhibit irregularly shaped and heterogeneous size of mitochondria, while the other half of remaining mice have numerous granules in the mitochondria, indicating cell injury
• however, cardiomyocytes exhibit normal sarcomeric structure and sarcoplasmic reticulum
• 4 of 7 E16.5 mutants have a dramatic increase in the density of trabeculae

reproductive system
• 67% of females develop a unilateral ovarian cyst filled with serous fluid at 10 weeks of age
• at 26 weeks of age, 100% of females have unilateral or bilateral severe ovarian cysts
• 50% of females are infertile

skeleton
• skull lengths are shorter in 8 week old mice
• however, skull widths are normal
• some mice have hunched appearance such as kyphosis

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome DOID:0060233 OMIM:PS115150
J:226977




Genotype
MGI:6792072
cn42
Allelic
Composition
Braftm1Mmcm/Braf+
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Tg(Mitf-cre)7114Gsb/0
Genetic
Background
STOCK Braftm1Mmcm Gt(ROSA)26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze Tg(Mitf-cre)7114Gsb/Cvrk
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Braftm1Mmcm mutation (4 available); any Braf mutation (62 available)
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze mutation (8 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (1061 available)
Tg(Mitf-cre)7114Gsb mutation (0 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
cellular
• when cultured on fibronectin-coated plates, inter-follicular epidermis melanocytes exhibit increased survival compared with wild-type mice

integument

limbs/digits/tail

pigmentation





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last database update
01/13/2026
MGI 6.24
The Jackson Laboratory