| GO term: | ammonia assimilation cycle |
| Synonym: | glutamate metabolic process via glutamine and ammonia |
| Synonym: | glutamate metabolism via glutamine and ammonia |
| GO id: | GO:0019676 |
| Definition: | The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen. |
| Number of paths to term: | 32 |
denotes an 'is-a' relationship
denotes a 'part-of' relationship
denotes a 'regulates' relationship
denotes a 'positively-regulates' relationship
denotes a 'negatively-regulates' relationship
biological_processcellular processcellular metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processcellular processcellular metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processcellular processcellular metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processcellular processcellular metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processcellular processcellular metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processdicarboxylic acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processcellular metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processcellular metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processcellular metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processcellular metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processcellular metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processdicarboxylic acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processnitrogen compound metabolic processorganonitrogen compound metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processnitrogen compound metabolic processorganonitrogen compound metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processnitrogen compound metabolic processorganonitrogen compound metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processnitrogen compound metabolic processorganonitrogen compound metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processorganic substance metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processorganic substance metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processorganic substance metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processorganic substance metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processorganic substance metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processdicarboxylic acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processorganic substance metabolic processorganonitrogen compound metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processorganic substance metabolic processorganonitrogen compound metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processorganic substance metabolic processorganonitrogen compound metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processorganic substance metabolic processorganonitrogen compound metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processprimary metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processprimary metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processprimary metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processprimary metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processsingle-organism metabolic processsmall molecule metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processsingle-organism metabolic processsmall molecule metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processalpha-amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processsingle-organism metabolic processsmall molecule metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +biological_processmetabolic processsingle-organism metabolic processsmall molecule metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processcellular amino acid metabolic processglutamine family amino acid metabolic processglutamine metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicingD-glutamine metabolic processglutamine biosynthetic process +glutamine catabolic process +peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutaminebiological_processmetabolic processsingle-organism metabolic processsmall molecule metabolic processorganic acid metabolic processoxoacid metabolic processcarboxylic acid metabolic processdicarboxylic acid metabolic processglutamate metabolic processammonia assimilation cycle [GO:0019676] (2 genes, 2 annotations)negative regulation of ammonia assimilation cyclepositive regulation of ammonia assimilation cycleregulation of ammonia assimilation cycle +arginine catabolic process to glutamateD-glutamate metabolic processglutamate biosynthetic process +glutamate catabolic process +histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamidehistidine catabolic process to glutamate and formatenegative regulation of glutamate metabolic process +positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process +proline catabolic process to glutamate +regulation of glutamate metabolic process +tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate +Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB), Gene Ontology (GO), MouseCyc |
||
|
Citing These Resources Funding Information Warranty Disclaimer & Copyright Notice Send questions and comments to User Support. |
last database update 05/08/2013 MGI 5.13 |
|
|
|
||
Analysis Tools