| GO term: | signal transduction |
| Synonym: | signaling cascade |
| Synonym: | signaling pathway |
| Synonym: | signalling cascade |
| Synonym: | signalling pathway |
| GO id: | GO:0007165 |
| Definition: | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| Comments | Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not. |
| Number of paths to term: | 10 |
denotes an 'is-a' relationship
denotes a 'part-of' relationship
denotes a 'regulates' relationship
denotes a 'positively-regulates' relationship
denotes a 'negatively-regulates' relationship
biological_processbiological regulationregulation of biological processregulation of cellular processcell redox homeostasismodulation by symbiont of host cellular process +negative regulation of cellular process +positive regulation of cellular process +regulation of actin filament-based process +regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida +regulation of cell activation +regulation of cell adhesion +regulation of cell adhesion molecule production +regulation of cell aging +regulation of cell communication +regulation of cell cycle +regulation of cell death +regulation of cell differentiation +regulation of cell division +regulation of cell proliferation +regulation of cellular component biogenesis +regulation of cellular component movement +regulation of cellular component organization +regulation of cellular localization +regulation of cellular metabolic process +regulation of cellular pH reduction +regulation of cellular response to alkalinity +regulation of cellular response to drug +regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus +regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus +regulation of cellular response to stress +regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus +regulation of cellular response to X-ray +regulation of chromosome segregation +regulation of conjugation +regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity +regulation of flocculation +regulation of gene silencing +regulation of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity +regulation of membrane depolarization +regulation of microtubule-based process +regulation of phenotypic switching +regulation of plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesisregulation of sequestering of calcium ion +regulation of sequestering of zinc ion +regulation of sexual sporulation +regulation of single-species biofilm formation +regulation of stomatal movement +regulation of transmembrane transport +regulation of transposition +regulation of ubiquitin homeostasis +regulation of vesicle-mediated transport +regulation of viral reproduction +signal transduction [GO:0007165] (4953 genes, 12978 annotations)apoptotic signaling pathway +carbohydrate mediated signaling +cell surface receptor signaling pathway +chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathwaydefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependentdefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independentER-nucleus signaling pathway +hormone-mediated signaling pathway +hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway +hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway +immune response-regulating signaling pathway +intracellular receptor signaling pathway +intracellular signal transduction +lipoprotein particle mediated signaling +mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathwaynegative regulation of signal transduction +neuronal signal transductionosmosensory signaling pathway +phosphorelay signal transduction system +phototransduction +positive regulation of signal transduction +red or far-red light signaling pathway +regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway +regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction +regulation of signal transduction +salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway +signal transduction by conformational transitionsignal transduction by phosphorylation +signal transduction in absence of ligand +signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion +signal transduction involved in filamentous growthsignal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionSMAD protein signal transductionsphingolipid mediated signaling pathway +biological_processcellular processregulation of cellular processcell redox homeostasismodulation by symbiont of host cellular process +negative regulation of cellular process +positive regulation of cellular process +regulation of actin filament-based process +regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida +regulation of cell activation +regulation of cell adhesion +regulation of cell adhesion molecule production +regulation of cell aging +regulation of cell communication +regulation of cell cycle +regulation of cell death +regulation of cell differentiation +regulation of cell division +regulation of cell proliferation +regulation of cellular component biogenesis +regulation of cellular component movement +regulation of cellular component organization +regulation of cellular localization +regulation of cellular metabolic process +regulation of cellular pH reduction +regulation of cellular response to alkalinity +regulation of cellular response to drug +regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus +regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus +regulation of cellular response to stress +regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus +regulation of cellular response to X-ray +regulation of chromosome segregation +regulation of conjugation +regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity +regulation of flocculation +regulation of gene silencing +regulation of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity +regulation of membrane depolarization +regulation of microtubule-based process +regulation of phenotypic switching +regulation of plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesisregulation of sequestering of calcium ion +regulation of sequestering of zinc ion +regulation of sexual sporulation +regulation of single-species biofilm formation +regulation of stomatal movement +regulation of transmembrane transport +regulation of transposition +regulation of ubiquitin homeostasis +regulation of vesicle-mediated transport +regulation of viral reproduction +signal transduction [GO:0007165] (4953 genes, 12978 annotations)apoptotic signaling pathway +carbohydrate mediated signaling +cell surface receptor signaling pathway +chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathwaydefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependentdefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independentER-nucleus signaling pathway +hormone-mediated signaling pathway +hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway +hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway +immune response-regulating signaling pathway +intracellular receptor signaling pathway +intracellular signal transduction +lipoprotein particle mediated signaling +mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathwaynegative regulation of signal transduction +neuronal signal transductionosmosensory signaling pathway +phosphorelay signal transduction system +phototransduction +positive regulation of signal transduction +red or far-red light signaling pathway +regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway +regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction +regulation of signal transduction +salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway +signal transduction by conformational transitionsignal transduction by phosphorylation +signal transduction in absence of ligand +signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion +signal transduction involved in filamentous growthsignal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionSMAD protein signal transductionsphingolipid mediated signaling pathway +biological_processcellular processsingle-organism cellular processcell communicationaxon target recognitioncell communication by chemical coupling +cell communication by electrical coupling +cell communication involved in cardiac conduction +cell-cell signaling +cellular response to extracellular stimulus +extracellular matrix-cell signaling +motogenic signaling initiating cell movement in cerebral cortex +motogenic signaling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortexmotogenic signaling involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migrationnegative regulation of cell communication +pollen-pistil interaction +positive regulation of cell communication +regulation of basal lamina disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion by cell communicationregulation of cell communication +response to pheromone involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange +sex determination, somatic-gonadal interactionsignal transduction [GO:0007165] (4953 genes, 12978 annotations)apoptotic signaling pathway +carbohydrate mediated signaling +cell surface receptor signaling pathway +chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathwaydefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependentdefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independentER-nucleus signaling pathway +hormone-mediated signaling pathway +hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway +hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway +immune response-regulating signaling pathway +intracellular receptor signaling pathway +intracellular signal transduction +lipoprotein particle mediated signaling +mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathwaynegative regulation of signal transduction +neuronal signal transductionosmosensory signaling pathway +phosphorelay signal transduction system +phototransduction +positive regulation of signal transduction +red or far-red light signaling pathway +regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway +regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction +regulation of signal transduction +salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway +signal transduction by conformational transitionsignal transduction by phosphorylation +signal transduction in absence of ligand +signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion +signal transduction involved in filamentous growthsignal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionSMAD protein signal transductionsphingolipid mediated signaling pathway +transmission of nerve impulse +biological_processcellular processsingle-organism cellular processcellular response to stimuluscellular pigment accumulation +cellular response to abiotic stimulus +cellular response to biotic stimulus +cellular response to chemical stimulus +cellular response to extracellular stimulus +cellular response to stress +signal transduction [GO:0007165] (4953 genes, 12978 annotations)apoptotic signaling pathway +carbohydrate mediated signaling +cell surface receptor signaling pathway +chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathwaydefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependentdefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independentER-nucleus signaling pathway +hormone-mediated signaling pathway +hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway +hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway +immune response-regulating signaling pathway +intracellular receptor signaling pathway +intracellular signal transduction +lipoprotein particle mediated signaling +mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathwaynegative regulation of signal transduction +neuronal signal transductionosmosensory signaling pathway +phosphorelay signal transduction system +phototransduction +positive regulation of signal transduction +red or far-red light signaling pathway +regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway +regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction +regulation of signal transduction +salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway +signal transduction by conformational transitionsignal transduction by phosphorylation +signal transduction in absence of ligand +signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion +signal transduction involved in filamentous growthsignal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionSMAD protein signal transductionsphingolipid mediated signaling pathway +biological_processregulation of biological processregulation of cellular processcell redox homeostasismodulation by symbiont of host cellular process +negative regulation of cellular process +positive regulation of cellular process +regulation of actin filament-based process +regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida +regulation of cell activation +regulation of cell adhesion +regulation of cell adhesion molecule production +regulation of cell aging +regulation of cell communication +regulation of cell cycle +regulation of cell death +regulation of cell differentiation +regulation of cell division +regulation of cell proliferation +regulation of cellular component biogenesis +regulation of cellular component movement +regulation of cellular component organization +regulation of cellular localization +regulation of cellular metabolic process +regulation of cellular pH reduction +regulation of cellular response to alkalinity +regulation of cellular response to drug +regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus +regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus +regulation of cellular response to stress +regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus +regulation of cellular response to X-ray +regulation of chromosome segregation +regulation of conjugation +regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity +regulation of flocculation +regulation of gene silencing +regulation of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity +regulation of membrane depolarization +regulation of microtubule-based process +regulation of phenotypic switching +regulation of plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesisregulation of sequestering of calcium ion +regulation of sequestering of zinc ion +regulation of sexual sporulation +regulation of single-species biofilm formation +regulation of stomatal movement +regulation of transmembrane transport +regulation of transposition +regulation of ubiquitin homeostasis +regulation of vesicle-mediated transport +regulation of viral reproduction +signal transduction [GO:0007165] (4953 genes, 12978 annotations)apoptotic signaling pathway +carbohydrate mediated signaling +cell surface receptor signaling pathway +chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathwaydefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependentdefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independentER-nucleus signaling pathway +hormone-mediated signaling pathway +hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway +hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway +immune response-regulating signaling pathway +intracellular receptor signaling pathway +intracellular signal transduction +lipoprotein particle mediated signaling +mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathwaynegative regulation of signal transduction +neuronal signal transductionosmosensory signaling pathway +phosphorelay signal transduction system +phototransduction +positive regulation of signal transduction +red or far-red light signaling pathway +regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway +regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction +regulation of signal transduction +salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway +signal transduction by conformational transitionsignal transduction by phosphorylation +signal transduction in absence of ligand +signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion +signal transduction involved in filamentous growthsignal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionSMAD protein signal transductionsphingolipid mediated signaling pathway +biological_processresponse to stimuluscellular response to stimuluscellular pigment accumulation +cellular response to abiotic stimulus +cellular response to biotic stimulus +cellular response to chemical stimulus +cellular response to extracellular stimulus +cellular response to stress +signal transduction [GO:0007165] (4953 genes, 12978 annotations)apoptotic signaling pathway +carbohydrate mediated signaling +cell surface receptor signaling pathway +chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathwaydefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependentdefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independentER-nucleus signaling pathway +hormone-mediated signaling pathway +hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway +hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway +immune response-regulating signaling pathway +intracellular receptor signaling pathway +intracellular signal transduction +lipoprotein particle mediated signaling +mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathwaynegative regulation of signal transduction +neuronal signal transductionosmosensory signaling pathway +phosphorelay signal transduction system +phototransduction +positive regulation of signal transduction +red or far-red light signaling pathway +regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway +regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction +regulation of signal transduction +salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway +signal transduction by conformational transitionsignal transduction by phosphorylation +signal transduction in absence of ligand +signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion +signal transduction involved in filamentous growthsignal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionSMAD protein signal transductionsphingolipid mediated signaling pathway +biological_processsignalingsingle organism signalingcell-cell signaling +extracellular matrix-cell signaling +motogenic signaling initiating cell movement in cerebral cortex +motogenic signaling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortexmotogenic signaling involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migrationmulticellular organismal signaling +negative regulation of signaling +positive regulation of signaling +regulation of signaling +signal transduction [GO:0007165] (4953 genes, 12978 annotations)apoptotic signaling pathway +carbohydrate mediated signaling +cell surface receptor signaling pathway +chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathwaydefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependentdefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independentER-nucleus signaling pathway +hormone-mediated signaling pathway +hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway +hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway +immune response-regulating signaling pathway +intracellular receptor signaling pathway +intracellular signal transduction +lipoprotein particle mediated signaling +mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathwaynegative regulation of signal transduction +neuronal signal transductionosmosensory signaling pathway +phosphorelay signal transduction system +phototransduction +positive regulation of signal transduction +red or far-red light signaling pathway +regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway +regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction +regulation of signal transduction +salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway +signal transduction by conformational transitionsignal transduction by phosphorylation +signal transduction in absence of ligand +signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion +signal transduction involved in filamentous growthsignal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionSMAD protein signal transductionsphingolipid mediated signaling pathway +biological_processsingle-organism processsingle organism signalingcell-cell signaling +extracellular matrix-cell signaling +motogenic signaling initiating cell movement in cerebral cortex +motogenic signaling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortexmotogenic signaling involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migrationmulticellular organismal signaling +negative regulation of signaling +positive regulation of signaling +regulation of signaling +signal transduction [GO:0007165] (4953 genes, 12978 annotations)apoptotic signaling pathway +carbohydrate mediated signaling +cell surface receptor signaling pathway +chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathwaydefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependentdefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independentER-nucleus signaling pathway +hormone-mediated signaling pathway +hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway +hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway +immune response-regulating signaling pathway +intracellular receptor signaling pathway +intracellular signal transduction +lipoprotein particle mediated signaling +mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathwaynegative regulation of signal transduction +neuronal signal transductionosmosensory signaling pathway +phosphorelay signal transduction system +phototransduction +positive regulation of signal transduction +red or far-red light signaling pathway +regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway +regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction +regulation of signal transduction +salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway +signal transduction by conformational transitionsignal transduction by phosphorylation +signal transduction in absence of ligand +signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion +signal transduction involved in filamentous growthsignal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionSMAD protein signal transductionsphingolipid mediated signaling pathway +biological_processsingle-organism processsingle-organism cellular processcell communicationaxon target recognitioncell communication by chemical coupling +cell communication by electrical coupling +cell communication involved in cardiac conduction +cell-cell signaling +cellular response to extracellular stimulus +extracellular matrix-cell signaling +motogenic signaling initiating cell movement in cerebral cortex +motogenic signaling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortexmotogenic signaling involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migrationnegative regulation of cell communication +pollen-pistil interaction +positive regulation of cell communication +regulation of basal lamina disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion by cell communicationregulation of cell communication +response to pheromone involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange +sex determination, somatic-gonadal interactionsignal transduction [GO:0007165] (4953 genes, 12978 annotations)apoptotic signaling pathway +carbohydrate mediated signaling +cell surface receptor signaling pathway +chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathwaydefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependentdefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independentER-nucleus signaling pathway +hormone-mediated signaling pathway +hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway +hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway +immune response-regulating signaling pathway +intracellular receptor signaling pathway +intracellular signal transduction +lipoprotein particle mediated signaling +mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathwaynegative regulation of signal transduction +neuronal signal transductionosmosensory signaling pathway +phosphorelay signal transduction system +phototransduction +positive regulation of signal transduction +red or far-red light signaling pathway +regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway +regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction +regulation of signal transduction +salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway +signal transduction by conformational transitionsignal transduction by phosphorylation +signal transduction in absence of ligand +signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion +signal transduction involved in filamentous growthsignal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionSMAD protein signal transductionsphingolipid mediated signaling pathway +transmission of nerve impulse +biological_processsingle-organism processsingle-organism cellular processcellular response to stimuluscellular pigment accumulation +cellular response to abiotic stimulus +cellular response to biotic stimulus +cellular response to chemical stimulus +cellular response to extracellular stimulus +cellular response to stress +signal transduction [GO:0007165] (4953 genes, 12978 annotations)apoptotic signaling pathway +carbohydrate mediated signaling +cell surface receptor signaling pathway +chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathwaydefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependentdefense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independentER-nucleus signaling pathway +hormone-mediated signaling pathway +hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway +hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway +immune response-regulating signaling pathway +intracellular receptor signaling pathway +intracellular signal transduction +lipoprotein particle mediated signaling +mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathwaynegative regulation of signal transduction +neuronal signal transductionosmosensory signaling pathway +phosphorelay signal transduction system +phototransduction +positive regulation of signal transduction +red or far-red light signaling pathway +regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway +regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction +regulation of signal transduction +salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway +signal transduction by conformational transitionsignal transduction by phosphorylation +signal transduction in absence of ligand +signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion +signal transduction involved in filamentous growthsignal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionSMAD protein signal transductionsphingolipid mediated signaling pathway +Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB), Gene Ontology (GO), MouseCyc |
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last database update 05/08/2013 MGI 5.13 |
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