Gene 1043
Summary of Phenotypic Analysis

Changes that may be related to genotype:

• Clinical Chemistry: Glucose level, elevated, hemizygous mutant males.

ES cells derived from the 129/OlaHsd  mouse substrain were used to generate chimeric mice. F1 mice were generated by breeding with C57BL/6 females. The resultant F1N0 heterozygotes were backcrossed to C57BL/6 mice to generate F1N1 heterozygotes.  F2N1 homozygous mutant mice were produced by intercrossing F1N1 heterozygous males and females.

As this gene is X-linked, the cohort consists of homozygous mutant females, hemizygous mutant males (-/0), heterozygous control females, and wild-type control males (+/0). No wild-type females or heterozygous males were analyzed for this target, as such mice cannot be generated from a male -/0 x female -/+ mating.

Female homozygous mutant mice, male hemizygous mutant mice, female heterozygous control mice, and male wild-type control mice were evaluated by the following examinations or tests:

• Physical examination
• Necropsy, including body length, body weight, and organ weight measurements
• Histological examination of tissues and organs
• Bone marrow section evaluation
• Complete blood counts and differential cell counts
• Clinical chemistry panels
• Densitometry 
• Fertility tests

When compared to age- and gender-matched wild-type control mice, hemizygous mutant males had elevated Glucose levels.

Gene 1043
Expression Summary

Taqman Summary:
The highest levels of RNA transcripts are detectable in spleen, lymph nodes and ovary. 

Moderate levels of RNA transcripts are detectable in: cerebellum, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, thymus, bone marrow, skin, gallbladder, urinary bladder, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, salivary gland, colon, epididymis, seminal vesicle, coagulating gland, uterus and white fat.
     
Lower levels of RNA transcripts are also detectable in: whole brain, cortex, subcortical region, brainstem, olfactory bulb, spinal cord, eye, Harderian glands, heart, skeletal muscle, tongue, stomach, small intestine, cecum, testis and prostate gland.

LacZ Summary:
Very faint lacZ expression was detected in some regions of the wholemount brain.  No expression was detected on coronal sections of brain.

As this gene is X-linked, the cohort consists of a hemizygous mutant male (-/0) and a heterozygous female (+/-).

LacZ expression was not detected in:  spinal cord, sciatic nerve, eyes, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, aorta, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, urinary bladder, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, skeletal muscle, skin, testis, prostate gland, ovary, uterus and cervix.

Gene 1043
Necropsy 

There were no significant differences detected in the female homozygous and male hemizygous mutant mice when compared with age- and gender-matched heterozygous and wild-type control mice. 

The following mice were necropsied. Body weight, body length, and organ weights were obtained, and gross pathological findings were recorded.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (314071, 314075, 330265)
3 hemizygous mutant males (310057, 310058, 310059)
2 heterozygous mutant females (310060, 310061)
2 wild-type control males (314060, 314061)

Mice were examined for the following observables: adrenal glands, body length, body weight, bone marrow, bone - cranium, bone - femur, bone - sternum, bone - stifle joint, bone - vertebral column, brain, cecum, colon, duodenum, epididymis - seminal vesicle, esophagus, eyes, gallbladder, general appearance, Harderian glands, heart, heart weight, ileum, jejunum, kidney weight, kidneys, liver, liver weight, lungs, lymph nodes, mesentery, ovaries, pancreas, penis, salivary glands, sciatic nerve, scrotum, skeletal muscle, skin, skinned mouse, spleen, spleen weight, stomach, testes, testes - epididymis weight, thymus, thymus weight, tongue, trachea, urinary bladder, urine, uterus, and vagina. (Gender-specific observables apply to the appropriate gender.)

Necropsy Findings:

There were no genotype-related or biologically significant differences noted between mutant and wild-type control mice for any of the parameters evaluated at necropsy. Incidental lesions were present in some tissues. These findings were considered to represent background lesions occasionally seen in this strain of mice, lesions due to spontaneous disease, age-related lesions, and/or lesions of a nonspecific etiology. They were not considered to be related to genotype.

Body and Organ Weight Findings:

Differences in body length, body weight, organ weights, and/or organ weight to body weight ratios were present between individual mice. The variability between mice usually fell within our historical reference ranges and was not correlated with genotype.

Gene 1043
Histopathology

There were no significant differences detected in the female homozygous and male hemizygous mutant mice when compared with age- and gender-matched heterozygous and wild-type control mice.

Tissues from the following mice were evaluated histologically.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (314071, 314075, 330265)
4 heterozygous mutant females (310060, 310061, 332772, 332773)
3 hemizygous mutant males (310057, 310058, 310059)
2 wild-type control males (314060, 314061)

No Significant Abnormalities:

The following tissues were examined and considered to have no genotype-related abnormality: brain, pituitary gland, ears, nasal cavity, salivary glands, oral cavity, lymph nodes, aorta, lungs, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder, stomach, small and large intestines, larynx, esophagus, trachea, thyroid gland, thymus gland, tongue, skeletal muscle, sciatic nerve, mammary glands, vertebrae, spinal cord, bone (skull, sternum, femur, tibia, and stifle joint), reproductive tract (including gonads), eyes, Harderian glands, integumentary system (skin and either clitoral or preputial glands), and bone marrow.

Bone marrow was examined in sections of sternum, vertebrae, and/or femur and tibia. Marrow cellularity, myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio, myeloid and erythroid maturation sequences, and numbers of megakaryocytes were evaluated.

Incidental lesions were present in some tissues. These findings were considered to represent background lesions occasionally seen in this strain of mice, lesions due to spontaneous disease, age-related lesions, and/or lesions of a nonspecific etiology. They were not considered to be genotype related.

Gene 1043
Hematology

There were no significant differences in the homozygous or hemizygous mutant mice when compared with age- and gender-matched heterozygous or wild-type control mice.

Blood samples from the following mice were evaluated by a complete blood count and differential cell count.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (314071, 314075, 330265)
3 hemizygous mutant males (310058, 310059, 332757)
2 heterozygous mutant females (310060, 310061)
2 wild-type control males (314060, 314061)

Although minor variations of hematological values were present in some mice, these changes were not related to genotype and, thus, were not considered phenotypically relevant.

Gene 1043
Clinical Chemistry

Changes that may be related to genotype:

• Glucose level, elevated, hemizygous mutant males.

Serum samples from the following mice were evaluated by a clinical chemistry panel.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (314071, 314075, 330265)
3 hemizygous mutant males (310057, 332750, 332758)
2 heterozygous mutant females (310060, 310061)
2 wild-type control males (314061, 332755)

When compared to age- and gender-matched wild-type control mice, all hemizygous mutant males had elevated Glucose levels.

Other values for the various analytes evaluated were generally similar between homozygous or hemizygous mutant mice and heterozygous or wild-type control mice.  Although variations in clinical chemistry values were present in some mice, they were not related to genotype and, thus, were not considered phenotypically relevant.

Gene 1043
Densitometry

There were no significant differences detected in the homozygous mutant mice when compared with age- and gender-matched wild-type control mice.

The following mice were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (314071, 314075, 330265)
2 heterozygous mutant females (332772, 332773)
2 wild-type control males (314060, 314061)

Bone Mineral Density (BMD in g/cm² ), fat % (fat percentage expressed as a percentage of body soft tissue compartment), and R-value of soft tissue were calculated from Bone Mineral Content (BMC in g), bone and tissue areas (cm² ), and total tissue mass (g) generated by a PIXImus densitometer.

Densitometric Findings:

Incidental densitometric differences were present between some mice. These findings were considered to represent background differences occasionally seen in this strain of mice, differences due to spontaneous disease, age-related differences, and/or differences of a nonspecific etiology. They were not considered to be genotype related.

Gene 1043
Physical Examination

There were no significant differences detected in the female homozygous and male hemizygous mutant mice when compared with age- and gender-matched heterozygous and wild-type control mice.

The following mice were evaluated by physical examination.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (314071, 314075, 330265)
3 hemizygous mutant males (310057, 310058, 310059)
2 heterozygous mutant females (310060, 310061)
2 wild-type control males (314060, 314061)

Mice were examined in detail as follows: anus, behavior, body shape, claws, coat - fur, coat color - back, coat color - belly, ear - left, ear - right, eye - left, eye - right, eye color - left, eye color - right, feces, forelimb - left, forelimb - right, forelimb number of amputated digits - left, forelimb number of amputated digits - right, forelimb number of digits - left, forelimb number of digits - right, general appearance, genitals - female, genitals - male, hair type, head shape, hindlimb - left, hindlimb - right, hindlimb number of amputated digits - left, hindlimb number of amputated digits - right, hindlimb number of digits - left, hindlimb number of digits - right, injuries, lesions, limb shape, locomotor, lumps - masses, mammary glands, mice in cage, respiration, skin appearance, snout, swelling - joints, tail, teeth color, teeth length, urine, and whiskers. (Gender-specific observables apply to the appropriate gender.)

Individual mutant mice had only occasional minor differences in observed physical features compared to heterozygous and wild-type control mice. These findings are considered to represent individual variability, background features occasionally seen in this strain of mice, findings due to spontaneous disease, age-related findings, and/or findings of a nonspecific etiology. However, none of these differences was regarded as biologically significant or genotype related.

Gene 1043
Fertility

Both hemizygous mutant males and homozygous mutant females were fertile.  Their progeny were viable until weaning.

Three hemizygous mutant males and three homozygous mutant females were set up in a fertility mating one on one with each other at seven to ten weeks of age.  The first mating pair (330253 and 341602) had no pups.  The number of pups born from three litters of the second (330255 and 341607)  and third (330256 and 341625) mating pairs was recorded.  Three weeks later, the live pups were counted and weaned. 

Mouse ID numbers are as follows:

3 hemizygous mutant males (330253, 330255, 330256)

3 homozygous mutant females (341602, 341607, 341625)