Gene: 1973	Name: Mtmr1	Family: Phosphatase	Subfamily: DSPC	Accession: AF073997	GI: 3883001

Gene 1973
Summary of Phenotypic Analysis

There were no significant differences detected in the female homozygous and male hemizygous mutant mice when compared with age- and gender-matched heterozygous and wild-type control mice.

ES cells derived from the 129/OlaHsd  mouse substrain were used to generate chimeric mice. F1 mice were generated by breeding with C57BL/6 females. The resultant F1N0 heterozygotes were backcrossed to C57BL/6 mice to generate F1N1 heterozygotes.  F2N1 mutant mice were produced by intercrossing F1N1 heterozygous males and females.

As this gene is X-linked, the cohort consists of homozygous mutant females, hemizygous mutant males (-/0), heterozygous control females, and wild-type control males (+/0). No wild-type females or heterozygous males were analyzed for this target, as such mice cannot be generated from a male -/0 x female -/+ mating.

Female homozygous mutant mice, male hemizygous mutant mice, female heterozygous control mice, and male wild-type control mice were evaluated by the following examinations or tests:

• Physical examination
• Necropsy, including body length, body weight, and organ weight measurements
• Histological examination of tissues and organs
• Bone marrow section evaluation
• Complete blood counts and differential cell counts
• Clinical chemistry panels
• Densitometry 

Gene 1973
Expression Summary

Taqman Summary:
RNA transcripts are detectable in all tissues analyzed.

The highest levels of RNA transcripts are detectable in: pancreas, urinary bladder, pituitary gland, adrenal gland and testis.

Moderate levels of RNA transcripts are detectable in: whole brain, subcortical region, cerebellum, brainstem, Harderian glands, lung, liver, kidney, thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow, skin, gallbladder, skeletal muscle, tongue, stomach, small intestine, epididymis, seminal vesicle, coagulating gland, prostate gland, ovary and white fat.

Lower levels of RNA transcripts are also detectable in: cortex, olfactory bulb, spinal cord, eye, heart, spleen, salivary gland, large intestine, cecum and uterus.

LacZ Summary:
LacZ expression was detected in several of the organs examined.  Most striking expression was detected in muscularis of the urinary bladder and cervical epithelium.  Staining was observed in different tissue and cell types, including smooth muscle, epithelium, neurons, cartilage, adipose tissue and blood vessels.

LacZ expression was detected:  brain, spinal cord, eyes, liver, pancreas, kidney, urinary bladder, parathyroid gland, trachea, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, skeletal muscle, skin, testis, prostate gland and cervix.

As this gene is X-linked, the cohort consists of a hemizygous mutant male (-/0) and a heterozygous female (+/-).

LacZ expression was not detected in:  sciatic nerve, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, aorta, heart, lung, thyroid gland, ovary and uterus.

Gene 1973
Densitometry
 
There were no significant differences detected in the female homozygous and male hemizygous mutant mice when compared with age- and gender-matched heterozygous and wild-type control mice.

The following mice were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (457294, 457295, 466055)
2 heterozygous mutant females (457293, 457298)
3 hemizygous mutant males (466051, 466052, 466054)
2 wild-type control males (457286, 457290)

Bone Mineral Density (BMD in g/cm² ), fat % (fat percentage expressed as a percentage of body soft tissue compartment), and R-value of soft tissue were calculated from Bone Mineral Content (BMC in g), bone and tissue areas (cm² ), and total tissue mass (g) generated by a PIXImus densitometer.

Densitometric Findings:

Incidental densitometric differences were present between some mice. These findings were considered to represent background differences occasionally seen in this strain of mice, differences due to spontaneous disease, age-related differences, and/or differences of a nonspecific etiology. They were not considered to be genotype related.

Gene 1973
Histopathology

There were no significant differences detected in the female homozygous and male hemizygous mutant mice when compared with age- and gender-matched heterozygous and wild-type control mice.

Tissues from the following mice were evaluated histologically.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (457294, 457295, 466055)
2 heterozygous mutant females (457293, 457298)
3 hemizygous mutant males (466051, 466052, 466054)
2 wild-type control males (457286, 457290)

No Significant Abnormalities:

The following tissues were examined and considered to have no genotype-related abnormality: brain, pituitary gland, ears, nasal cavity, salivary glands, oral cavity, lymph nodes, aorta, lungs, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, urinary bladder, stomach, small and large intestines, larynx, esophagus, trachea, thyroid gland, thymus, tongue, skeletal muscle, sciatic nerve, mammary glands, vertebrae, spinal cord, bone (skull, sternum, femur, tibia, and stifle joint), reproductive tract (including gonads), eyes, Harderian glands, integumentary system (skin and either clitoral or preputial glands), and bone marrow.

Bone marrow was examined in sections of sternum, vertebrae, and/or femur and tibia. Marrow cellularity, myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio, myeloid and erythroid maturation sequences, and numbers of megakaryocytes were evaluated.

Incidental lesions were present in some tissues. These findings were considered to represent background lesions occasionally seen in this strain of mice, lesions due to spontaneous disease, age-related lesions, and/or lesions of a nonspecific etiology. They were not considered to be genotype related.

Gene 1973
Necropsy 

There were no significant differences detected in the female homozygous and male hemizygous mutant mice when compared with age- and gender-matched heterozygous and wild-type control mice.

The following mice were necropsied. Body weight, body length, and organ weights were obtained, and gross pathological findings were recorded.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (457294, 457295, 466055)
2 heterozygous mutant females (457293, 457298)
3 hemizygous mutant males (466051, 466052, 466054)
2 wild-type control males (457286, 457290)

Mice were examined for the following observables: adrenal glands, body length, body weight, bone marrow, bone - cranium, bone - femur, bone - sternum, bone - stifle joint, bone - vertebral column, brain, cecum, colon, duodenum, epididymis - seminal vesicle, esophagus, eyes, gallbladder, general appearance, Harderian glands, heart, heart weight, ileum, jejunum, kidney weight, kidneys, liver, liver weight, lungs, lymph nodes, mesentery, ovaries, pancreas, penis, salivary glands, sciatic nerve, scrotum, skeletal muscle, skin, skinned mouse, spleen, spleen weight, stomach, testes, testes - epididymis weight, thymus, thymus weight, tongue, trachea, urinary bladder, urine, uterus, and vagina. (Gender-specific observables apply to the appropriate gender.)

Necropsy Findings:

There were no genotype-related or biologically significant differences noted between mutant and wild-type control mice for any of the parameters evaluated at necropsy. Incidental lesions were present in some tissues. These findings were considered to represent background lesions occasionally seen in this strain of mice, lesions due to spontaneous disease, age-related lesions, and/or lesions of a nonspecific etiology. They were not considered to be related to genotype.

Body and Organ Weight Findings:

Differences in body length, body weight, organ weights, and/or organ weight to body weight ratios were present between individual mice. The variability between mice usually fell within our historical reference ranges and was not correlated with genotype.

Gene 1973
Clinical Chemistry

There were no significant differences in the homozygous mutant females or hemizygous mutant males mice when compared with age- and gender-matched wild-type control males or heterozygous mutant females mice.

Serum samples from the following mice were evaluated by a clinical chemistry panel.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (457295, 466055, 466056)
3 hemizygous mutant males (466051, 466052, 466054)
2 heterozygous mutant females (457293, 457298)
2 wild-type control males (457286, 457291)

Values for the various analytes evaluated were generally similar between homozygous mutant females or hemizygous mutant males and wild-type control males or heterozygous mutant females mice. Although variations in clinical chemistry values were present in some mice, they were not related to genotype and, thus, were not considered phenotypically relevant.

Gene 1973
Hematology

There were no significant differences in the homozygous mutant females or hemizygous mutant males mice when compared with age- and gender-matched wild-type control males or heterozygous mutant females mice.

Blood samples from the following mice were evaluated by a complete blood count and differential cell count.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (457294, 457295, 466055)
3 hemizygous mutant males (466051, 466052, 466054)
2 heterozygous mutant females (457293, 457298)
2 wild-type control males (457286, 457291)

Although minor variations of hematological values were present in some mice, these changes were not related to genotype and, thus, were not considered phenotypically relevant.

Gene 1973
Physical Examination

There were no significant differences detected in the female homozygous and male hemizygous mutant mice when compared with age- and gender-matched heterozygous and wild-type control mice.

The following mice were evaluated by physical examination.

49 Day Cohort Mouse ID numbers are as follows:
3 homozygous mutant females (457294, 457295, 466055)
2 heterozygous mutant females (457293, 457298)
3 hemizygous mutant males (466051, 466052, 466054)
2 wild-type control males (457286, 457290)

Mice were examined in detail as follows: anus, behavior, body shape, claws, coat - fur, coat color - back, coat color - belly, ear - left, ear - right, eye - left, eye - right, eye color - left, eye color - right, feces, forelimb - left, forelimb - right, forelimb number of amputated digits - left, forelimb number of amputated digits - right, forelimb number of digits - left, forelimb number of digits - right, general appearance, genitals - female, genitals - male, hair type, head shape, hindlimb - left, hindlimb - right, hindlimb number of amputated digits - left, hindlimb number of amputated digits - right, hindlimb number of digits - left, hindlimb number of digits - right, injuries, lesions, limb shape, locomotor, lumps - masses, mammary glands, mice in cage, respiration, skin appearance, snout, swelling - joints, tail, teeth color, teeth length, urine, and whiskers. (Gender-specific observables apply to the appropriate gender.)

Individual mutant mice had only occasional minor differences in observed physical features compared to wild-type control mice. These findings were considered to represent individual variability, background features occasionally seen in this strain of mice, findings due to spontaneous disease, age-related findings, and/or findings of a nonspecific etiology. However, none of these differences were regarded as biologically significant or genotype related.