Inbred Strains
of Rats: MHS
Inbr. F36.
Colour: Albino.
Genet. c.
Origin: "Milan Hypertensive Strain": Outbred
Wistar rats with brother x sister mating and selection for high systolic
blood pressure (Bianchi et al 1974, Barber et al, 1994).
Characteristics
Reviewed by Bianchi et al (
1984). At weaning,
mean systolic blood pressure not different from that of MNS at about 119
mmHg, but by about 50 days the mean systolic blood pressure has risen
to about 170 mmHg and heart rate is about 350-360 beats per minute. Kidney
weight is reduced at all ages, and left ventricular weight increased from
100 days of age compared with MNS. Erythrocytes are smaller than in MNS.
Hypertension can be 'transplanted' from MHS to MNS by kidney transplantation,
and this can be done in the very early and mid-hypertensive phase. There
are signs of volume expansion and increased water intake. The MHS strain
may be a useful animal model of renal hypertension mechanisms responsible
for 'essential' hypertension in subgroups of human patients. A factor
capable of interacting with the ouabain receptor on the sodium-potassium
ATPase of tubular cells is present in the kidneys, it can be removed by
prolonged washout (
Foulkes et al, 1992),
and is present at higher levels in MRS than from the normotensive controls
(
Ferrandi et al, 1992, 1993). Faster
sodium transport may be a primary abnormality responsible for the hypertension
(
Salardi et al, 1993). There are also
defects in the regulation of adenylyl cyclase in vascular smooth muscle
cell membranes (
Clark et al, 1993). A point
mutation in each of two genes coding for the membrane skeletal protein
adducin is associated with blood pressure (
Bianchi
et al, 1994).
Other papers describing this strain include Clark et al, (1994), Muller et al, (1995)
Barber
B. R., Ferrari P., and Bianchi G. (1994) The Milan hypertensive strain:
a description of the model, in Handbook of Hypertension Vol. 16 Experimental
and Genetic Models of Hypertension (Ganten D. and de Jong W., eds),
pp. 316-345. Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford.
Bianchi
G., Fox U., and Imbasciati E. (1974) Development of a new strain of spontaneously
hypertensive rats. Life Sci. 14, 339-347.
Bianchi
G., Ferrari P., and Barber B. R. (1984) The Milan hypertensive strain,
in Handbook of Hypertension Vol. 4. Experimental and genetic models
of hypertension (de Jong W., ed), pp. 328-349. Elsevier, Amsterdam,
New York, Oxford.
Bianchi
G., Tripodi G., Casari G., Salardi S., Barber B. R., Garcia R., Leoni
P., Torielli L., Cusi D., Ferrandi M., Pinna L. A., Baralle F. E., and
Ferrari P. (1994) 2 point mutations within the adducin genes are involved
in blood- pressure variation. Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences of the United States of America 91, 3999-4003.
Clark C.
J., Milligan G., and Connell J. M. C. (1993) Guanine-nucleotide regulatory
protein alterations in the Milan Hypertensive rat strain. J. Hypertens.
11, 1161-1169.
Clark C.
J., Milligan G., and Connell J. M. C. (1994) Guanine-nucleotide regulatory
protein alterations in young Milan Hypertensive strain rats. Biochimica
Et Biophysica Acta-Molecular Basis of Disease 1225, 149-157.
Ferrandi
M., Minotti E., Salardi S., Florio M., Bianchi G., and Ferrari P. (1992)
Ouabain-like factor in Milan Hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol.
263, F739-F748.
Foulkes
R., Ferrario R. G., Salvati P., and Bianchi G. (1992) Differences in ouabain-induced
natriuresis between isolated kidneys of Milan Hypertensive and Normotensive
rats. Clin. Sci. 82, 185-190.
Muller
D., Molinari I., Soldati L., and Bianchi G. (1995) A genetic deficiency
in calpastatin and isovalerylcarnitine treatment is associated with enhanced
hippocampal long-term potentiation. Synapse 19, 37-45.
Salardi
S., Falchetto R., Troffa C., Parenti P., Barber B. R., Pastore S., Glorioso
N., and Bianchi G. (1993) Relationships among alterations in renal membrane
sodium-transport, renin and aminopeptidase-m activities in genetic-hypertension.
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1182, 22-29.
INBRED STRAINS OF RATS
Updated 9 Apr. 1998
Michael FW
Festing
MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building,
University of Leicester,
UK