evidence ; ECO:0000000 def: "A type of information that is used to support an assertion." [ECO:MCC] inference from background scientific knowledge ; ECO:0000001 def: "A type of curator inference where conclusions are drawn based on the background scientific knowledge of the curator." [ECO:SN] direct assay evidence ; ECO:0000002 def: "A type of experimental evidence resulting from the direct measurement of some aspect of a biological feature." [ECO:SN] reconstitution assay evidence ; ECO:0000003 def: "A type of direct assay evidence based on reconstructing a biological sample from its disassociated state to its original state." [ECO:KAV, PMID:26029343] cell fractionation evidence ; ECO:0000004 def: "A type of fractionation evidence where sub-cellular components are separated based on their physical properties such as density in a sucrose density gradient." [ECO:KIM, TAIR:TED] enzyme assay evidence ; ECO:0000005 def: "A type of protein assay evidence where the catalytic activity of an enzyme is determined." [url:http\://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213020914000068] experimental evidence ; ECO:0000006 def: "A type of evidence resulting from manipulation of variables in order to discover cause and effect." [url:http\://holah.co.uk/page/experimental/] immunofluorescence evidence ; ECO:0000007 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence where a fluorescently labeled antibody is used to detect the presence or localization of a biomolecule within a cell." [ECO:MCC, TAIR:TED] expression pattern evidence ; ECO:0000008 def: "A type of experimental evidence that is based on characterization of gene expression." [ECO:MCC, GO:IEP] transcript expression evidence ; ECO:0000009 def: "A type of expression pattern evidence where abundance of a transcript is analyzed." [ECO:RCT] protein expression evidence ; ECO:0000010 def: "A type of expression pattern evidence resulting from protein abundance quantification techniques." [PMC:4029002, url:https\://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/protein-biology/protein-biology-learning-center/protein-biology-resource-library/pierce-protein-methods/overview-protein-expression-systems.html] genetic interaction evidence ; ECO:0000011 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from the effect that a given gene has on another gene or genes, and the products." [ECO:RCT, PMID:11822023] functional complementation evidence ; ECO:0000012 def: "A type of genetic interaction evidence where a wild-type copy of the gene in question is inserted into a mutant cell to see if it restores the wild-type phenotype in the mutant background." [PMID:27403640] transgenic rescue experiment evidence ; ECO:0000013 def: "A type of functional complementation evidence resulting from the introduction of a transgene to prevent, or \"rescue\" an organism from a condition." [url:http\://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/9/13932/pdf, url:http\://www.nature.com/gt/journal/v11/n15/full/3302282a.html] mutant phenotype evidence ; ECO:0000015 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence derived from the difference in two alleles of a corresponding gene that result from one or more changes in the genome." [GO:IMP] loss-of-function mutant phenotype evidence ; ECO:0000016 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence where a phenotype is associated with altered gene product which lacks the molecular function of the wild-type gene." [SO:0002054] ectopic expression evidence ; ECO:0000017 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence where a transgenic strain carrying the construct of a promoter cDNA fusion in which a gene of interest is driven by a defined promoter or enhancer is ectopically expressed in the defined pattern to characterize potential cellular properties and functions of a protein of interest." [PMID:10948520, PMID:19301619] anti-sense experiment evidence ; ECO:0000018 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence where a phenotype is observed while expressing an anti-sense version of a gene product in a wild-type (for that gene product) background." [ECO:SN] RNAi evidence ; ECO:0000019 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence where an RNA construct is introduced into a cell and the expression of the gene bearing its complementary sequence is suppressed." [ECO:MCC] specific protein inhibition evidence ; ECO:0000020 def: "A type of protein assay evidence based on the inhibition of the molecular function of a protein." [ECO:MCC] physical interaction evidence ; ECO:0000021 def: "A type of experimental evidence that is based on characterization of an interaction between a gene product and another molecule." [ECO:SN] co-purification evidence ; ECO:0000022 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence where a cellular component subunit is isolated as part of purification of its larger complex." [TAIR:TED] affinity evidence ; ECO:0000023 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence that depends on the strength of the interaction between two entities." [ECO:MCC, PSI-MI:MI\:0400] protein binding evidence ; ECO:0000024 def: "A type of affinity evidence resulting from the binding of a molecule to a protein or protein complex." [GO:0005515, url:https\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation] hybrid interaction evidence ; ECO:0000025 def: "A type of affinity evidence where proteins of interest (bait and prey) are covalently linked to incomplete fragments of a third protein (reporter) and expressed in vivo, at which time interaction between bait and prey proteins brings reporter fragments in close enough proximity to allow them to reform and become a functional reporter protein." [ECO:MCC, PSI-MI:MI\:0090] nucleic acid hybridization evidence ; ECO:0000026 def: "A type of experimental genomic evidence resulting from a process in which single stranded nucleic acids are allowed to interact so that complexes, or hybrids, are formed by molecules with sufficiently similar, complementary sequences." [OBI:0302903] structural similarity evidence ; ECO:0000027 def: "A type of similarity evidence based on structural similarity of an annotated gene or gene product to another gene or group of genes." [ECO:MCC, TAIR:TED] motif similarity evidence ; ECO:0000028 def: "A type of match to sequence model evidence that is based on the presence of a recognized domain or motif in a gene product's (usually protein) primary sequence." [ECO:SN] match to InterPro member signature evidence ; ECO:0000029 def: "A type of match to sequence model evidence resulting from a positive match of a protein, or set of proteins to a predictive model (signature) in the InterPro database." [PMC:2686546, url:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Nucleic+Acid+Hybridization] BLAST evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000030 def: "A type of BLAST evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] protein BLAST evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000031 def: "A type of protein BLAST evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] nucleotide BLAST evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000032 def: "A type of nucleotide BLAST evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] traceable author statement ; ECO:0000033 def: "A type of author statement that is based on a cited reference." [ECO:MCC, GO:TAS] non-traceable author statement ; ECO:0000034 def: "A type of author statement that is not associated with results presented or a cited reference." [ECO:SN] no biological data found ; ECO:0000035 def: "A curator inference that results from research where no information about a biological feature was found in the scientific literature, at biological databases, or within other resources." [ECO:SN] not_recorded ; ECO:0000037 def: "An evidence that reflects an annotation was made before curators began tracking evidence types." [ECO:MCC, GO:NR] is_obsolete: true transient rescue experiment evidence ; ECO:0000038 protein assay evidence ; ECO:0000039 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from determining the presence, abundance, structure, function, or activity of proteins." [PMID:18429326] immunological assay evidence ; ECO:0000040 def: "A type of affinity evidence resulting from quantitation of the analyte which depends on the reaction of an antigen (analyte) and an antibody." [ERO:0001362, url:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21589/\,http\://cores.ucsf.edu/protein-assay.html] similarity evidence ; ECO:0000041 def: "A type of evidence resulting from comparing likeness of distinct biological entities." [ECO:SN] gain-of-function mutant phenotype evidence ; ECO:0000042 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence resulting from a phenotype that is associated with the altered gene product which possesses a new molecular function or a new pattern of gene expression." [SO:0002053, url:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614608/] sequence similarity evidence ; ECO:0000044 def: "A type of similarity based on biomolecular sequence." [ECO:MCC, TAIR:TED] spatial pattern of protein expression evidence ; ECO:0000045 protein expression level evidence ; ECO:0000046 def: "A type of protein expression evidence resulting from the quantification of protein production in a sample." [NBK:22011, url:http\://www.informatics.jax.org/glossary/gain-of-function] spatial pattern of transcript expression evidence ; ECO:0000047 transcript expression level evidence ; ECO:0000048 def: "A type of transcript expression evidence resulting from quantifying transcript abundance." [ECO:RCT] reporter gene assay evidence ; ECO:0000049 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence that is based on the expression pattern of a reporter gene." [TAIR:TED] voucher specimen analysis evidence ; ECO:0000050 def: "A type of phenotypic evidence based on an author's phenotypic description of a species or higher level group explicitly referencing an observation of a voucher specimen, a specimen with a permanent museum catalog." [TAIR:TED] genetic similarity evidence ; ECO:0000051 def: "A type of similarity based on genotype without respect to expression." [ECO:MCC, PhenoScape:IGTS] suppressor/enhancer interaction evidence ; ECO:0000052 def: "A type of genetic interaction evidence resulting from a second mutation that either suppresses or enhances the phenotype expressed from an original mutation." [url:http\://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/10/03/021592, url:http\://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www\:geneticsuppression/geneticsuppression.html] computational combinatorial evidence ; ECO:0000053 def: "A type of combinatorial analysis where data are combined and evaluated by an algorithm." [ECO:go, ECO:MCC] double mutant phenotype evidence ; ECO:0000054 def: "A type of genetic interaction evidence that is based on the phenotypic outcome of two mutations in unrelated genetic loci." [ECO:RCT] array experiment evidence ; ECO:0000055 def: "A type of expression pattern evidence resulting from the hybridization of a target with a probe which is attached to the microarray surface." [url:http\://www.premierbiosoft.com/tech\:notes/microarray.html] epistatic interaction evidence ; ECO:0000056 def: "A type of genetic interaction evidence that is based on the suppression of one allelic effect by an allele at another genetic locus." [PMID:18852697] phenotypic similarity evidence ; ECO:0000057 def: "A type of similarity based on the expression of a genotype in an environment." [ECO:MCC, PhenoScape:IPTS] expression microarray evidence ; ECO:0000058 def: "A type of array experiment evidence resulting from simultaneous profiling of the expression levels of thousands of genes in a single experiment allowing analysis of genes and their networks." [url:http\://www.illumina.com/techniques/microarrays/gene-expression-arrays.html, url:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2435252/] experimental phenotypic evidence ; ECO:0000059 def: "A type of experimental evidence that is based on the expression of a genotype in an environment." [ECO:SN] positional similarity evidence ; ECO:0000060 def: "A type of phenotypic similarity evidence based on the similarity of stucture locations or arrangements." [TAIR:TED] quantitative trait analysis evidence ; ECO:0000061 def: "A type of phenotypic evidence that is based on a gene product that is associated with a quantitative trait locus, but has not been cloned." [TAIR:TED] genomic microarray evidence ; ECO:0000062 compositional similarity evidence ; ECO:0000063 def: "A type of phenotypic similarity evidence based on the similarity of the histological makeup of structures." [TAIR:TED] functional complementation in heterologous system evidence ; ECO:0000064 def: "A type of functional complementation evidence that is based on the insertion of a wild-type copy of a gene into a heterologous organism, with the mutation occurring in a homologous gene." [TAIR:TED] CpG island microarray evidence ; ECO:0000065 def: "A type of array experiment evidence resulting from the use of a CpG island (primarily unmethylated GC-rich, CpG-rich DNA sequences) microarray, that may be hybridized with methylated DNA fragments." [PMID:21576262, url:http\://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1165/ajrcmb.23.3.f196] yeast one-hybrid evidence ; ECO:0000066 def: "A type of hybrid interaction evidence that is based on a protein-DNA complementation assay where a single promoter acts as bait and is screened against a library of prey transcription factors." [ECO:MCC, PSI-MI:MI\:0432, TAIR:TED] developmental similarity evidence ; ECO:0000067 def: "A type of phenotypic similarity evidence based on the similarity of embryological or post-embryonic orgin of structures." [TAIR:TED] yeast 2-hybrid evidence ; ECO:0000068 def: "A type of hybrid interaction evidence that is based on detection of protein-protein interaction by activation of a yeast reporter gene after a bait protein fused to a DNA-binding domain (which has been transfected into a yeast cell) is used to screen a cDNA library of clones fused to an activation domain." [PMID:12734586] differential methylation hybridization evidence ; ECO:0000069 def: "A type of nucleic acid hybridization evidence where methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes are utilized to analyze methylated DNA fragments by hybridizing them to a CpG island microarray." [PMID:18987809] co-immunoprecipitation evidence ; ECO:0000070 def: "A type of immunoprecipitation evidence that involves precipitating two or more proteins via binding to an antibody specific to a single protein, followed by protein identification." [ECO:MCC] morphological similarity evidence ; ECO:0000071 def: "A type of phenotypic similarity evidence based on the similarity of shape, structure, or configuration in structures." [TAIR:TED] Sos-recruitment assay evidence ; ECO:0000072 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence that is based on a genetic screening system that detects protein-protein interactions and is not based on a transcriptional readout." [TAIR:TED] is_obsolete: true experimental genomic evidence ; ECO:0000073 def: "A type of experimental evidence that is based on the characterization of an attribute of the genome underlying a gene product." [ECO:MCC] split-ubiquitin assay evidence ; ECO:0000074 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence that is based on detection of protein-protein interaction between a bait and prey protein by in vivo reconstitution of split-ubiquitin (when bait and prey interact) and release of a reporter protein." [PMID:15064465] gene expression similarity evidence ; ECO:0000075 def: "A type of phenotypic similarity evidence that is based on the categorization of genes by the similarity of expression profiles." [PMID:19958477] far-Western blotting evidence ; ECO:0000076 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence that is based on detection of protein-protein interactions by separation of target proteins by SDS-PAGE which are blotted to a membrane, followed by denaturation and renaturation, probing with purified bait proteins, and detection of the target-bait complexes." [PMID:18079728] methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction evidence ; ECO:0000077 def: "A type of polymerase chain reaction evidence resulting from initial modification of DNA by sodium bisulfite, converting all unmethylated cytosines to uracil, and subsequent amplification with primers specific for methylated versus unmethylated DNA." [PMC:38513] southern hybridization evidence ; ECO:0000078 def: "A type of DNA detection assay evidence that is based on detection of a specific DNA sequence by hybridization of labeled probes to any immobilized DNA fragment with sequence similarity." [PMID:18432697] affinity chromatography evidence ; ECO:0000079 def: "A type of affinity evidence that results from separation of biochemical mixtures by selective binding of a compound to an immobilized compound on a polymeric matrix, subsequent removal of unattached components, and then displacement of the bond compound." [ECO:MCC, TAIR:TED] phylogenetic evidence ; ECO:0000080 def: "A type of similarity that indicates common ancestry." [ECO:MCC, PhenoScape:IP] targeting sequence prediction evidence ; ECO:0000081 def: "A type of motif similarity evidence that is based on detection of a targeting sequence in the primary sequence of a protein through computational prediction and/or a manual examination of the sequence." [ECO:RCT, TAIR:TED] polymerase chain reaction evidence ; ECO:0000082 def: "A type of experimental genomic evidence where DNA polymerase is used to synthesize new strand of DNA complementary to the offered template strand." [OBI:0000415] transmembrane domain prediction evidence ; ECO:0000083 def: "A type of motif similarity evidence that is based on detection of one, or more, transmembrane domains in the primary sequence of a protein through computational prediction and/or a manual examination of the sequence." [ECO:RCT, TAIR:TED] gene neighbors evidence ; ECO:0000084 def: "A type of genomic context evidence in which a gene product's identity is supported on the basis of the identity of neighboring genes." [ECO:MCC, GOC:MG] immunoprecipitation evidence ; ECO:0000085 def: "A type of protein assay evidence that involves precipitation of a multivalent antigen by a bivalent antibody for protein isolation." [ECO:MCC, ECO:SW, TAIR:TED] intermethylated site amplification evidence ; ECO:0000086 def: "A type of experimental genomic evidence resulting from a genome-wide estimate of DNA methylation by differential enzymatic digestion of genomic DNA with methylation-sensitive and methylation-insensitive isoschizomers followed by restrained PCR amplification of methylated sequences." [PMID:18987810, url:https\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/probe/docs/techpcr/] immunolocalization evidence ; ECO:0000087 def: "A type of microscopy evidence where antibodies are used to detect the location of molecules or other structures within cells or tissues." [ECO:MCC, ECO:SN] biological system reconstruction evidence ; ECO:0000088 def: "A type of evidence that is based on a combination of experimental evidences or existing models of that system in a related species used for the reconstruction of a biological system." [ECO:MCC, GOC:mg] restriction landmark genomic scanning evidence ; ECO:0000089 def: "A type of DNA detection assay evidence resulting from the use of restriction enzymes for direct end-labeling of DNA (creating landmarks), followed by high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis to visualize the landmarks." [PMID:8388788] immunogold labelling evidence ; ECO:0000090 def: "A type of immunolocalization evidence where the antibodies are labeled with colloidal gold particles whose location is then detected via microscopy." [ECO:MCC] epitope-tagged protein immunolocalization evidence ; ECO:0000092 def: "A type of immunolocalization evidence in which recombinant proteins fused with epitopes are recognized by antibodies." [TAIR:TED] oligonucleotide microarray evidence ; ECO:0000093 def: "A type of array experiment evidence resulting from the hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of oligonucleotide probes, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a base sequence, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, gene expression, or for gene mapping." [ECO:RCT] biological assay evidence ; ECO:0000094 def: "A type of direct assay evidence based on the effect of a substance, factor, or condition as measured in a living organism." [ECO:MCC, TAIR:TED] cell growth assay evidence ; ECO:0000095 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence that measures one or more aspects of cell growth over a specified time period to indicate an induced or repressed regulatory effect." [ECO:SW, PomBase:MAH] electrophoretic mobility shift assay evidence ; ECO:0000096 def: "A type of direct assay evidence based on an electrophoretic mobility shift of macromolecules, compounds, and proteins where solutions of protein and nucleic acid are combined and the resulting mixtures are electrophoresed under native conditions through polyacrylamide or agarose gel to detect protein-nucleic acid interactions." [ECO:KIM, ECO:SW, PMID:17703195, TAIR:TED] cDNA microarray evidence ; ECO:0000097 def: "A type of array experiment evidence resulting from the use of a collection of cDNA molecules spotted in a 2D array onto a glass slide or other membrane for hybridization." [REO:0000924, url:https\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?Db=mesh&term=Oligonucleotide+Array+Sequence+Analysis] in situ hybridization evidence ; ECO:0000098 def: "A type of nucleic acid hybridization evidence based on localization of a specific segment of DNA or RNA by the application of a complementary strand of nucleic acid to which a reporter molecule is attached." [url:https\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/probe/docs/techish/] fractionation evidence ; ECO:0000100 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from the separation of various cell components while preserving their individual functions." [NBK:26936, url:https\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26936/] Affymetrix array experiment evidence ; ECO:0000101 def: "A type of array experiment evidence resulting from the use of a proprietary Affymetrix array which uses the proprietary GeneChip System for analyzing complex genetic information." [ERO:0001265] co-fractionation evidence ; ECO:0000102 def: "A type of fractionation evidence resulting from a protein fractionated with other compounds, factors, or macromolecules." [TAIR:TED] microarray RNA expression level evidence ; ECO:0000104 def: "A type of expression microarray evidence in which levels of RNA expression are determined by simultaneous measurement of tens of thousands of mRNA transcripts on a microarray." [PMID:20967621] Nimblegen array evidence ; ECO:0000105 def: "A type of array experiment evidence resulting from the use of a proprietary NimbleGen array for measuring gene expression levels." [PMID:15607417, url:https\://roche-biochem.jp/pdf/products/microarray/user_guide/SeqCap/SeqCap_UserGuide_Delivery_ver3.0.pdf] northern assay evidence ; ECO:0000106 def: "A type of transcript expression level evidence based on electrophoresis and probing to determine levels of RNA expression using a complementary hybridization probe on the separated RNA samples." [ECO:SW, TAIR:TED] reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction transcription evidence ; ECO:0000108 def: "A type of polymerase chain reaction evidence in which levels of RNA expression are determined through RT-PCR (quantitative or otherwise)." [TAIR:TED] reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction evidence ; ECO:0000109 def: "A type of polymerase chain reaction evidence where RNA is reverse transcribed into cDNA and amplified for product measurement in real time for transcription analysis i.e. qPCR." [ECO:SW, PMID:11013345, PMID:12901609] RNA protection assay evidence ; ECO:0000110 def: "A type of nuclease protection assay evidence where mRNA is hybridized with radiolabeled RNA probes after which RNAse is added to digest the unbound, nonresistant single-stranded overhang regions, later the remaining probe target hybrids are purified and resolved on denaturing polyacrylamide gel, and quantified by autoradiography." [ECO:SW, PMID:23457339, TAIR:TED] western blot evidence ; ECO:0000112 def: "A type of gel electrophoresis evidence where proteins are separated using gel electrophoresis and then they are blotted on a nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, later an antibody with a dye or an enzyme is added to the solution which is able to bind to its specific protein and this product is detected either by chemiluminescent detection technique or fluorescence imaging technique." [ECO:SW, PMID:23050259, TAIR:TED] expression library screen evidence ; ECO:0000114 def: "A type of protein expression evidence where a protein of interest is isolated on the basis of its hybridization to an antibody raised to a homologous protein." [ECO:MCC, TAIR:TED] differential hybridization evidence ; ECO:0000116 def: "A type of nucleic acid hybridization evidence in which preferential or exclusive expression of genes in one cell type or tissue is compared to another cell type or tissue when mRNA from each sample is reverse transcribed, labeled, and hybridized to a cDNA library to compare hybridization patterns." [PMID:14668817] subtractive hybridization evidence ; ECO:0000118 def: "A type of nucleic acid hybridization evidence in which preferential or exclusive expression of genes in one cell type or tissue are compared to another cell type or tissue when denatured ds-cDNA from the two samples are hybridized, and the common sequences are 'subtracted'." [PMID:11298187] over expression analysis evidence ; ECO:0000120 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence in which a gene and/or gene product is investigated in a transgenic organism that has been engineered to overexpress that gene product." [PMID:22419077] protein localization evidence ; ECO:0000122 def: "A type of protein assay evidence where sub-cellular localization of a protein within a cell is determined." [GO:0008104, url:http\://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0019937] fusion protein localization evidence ; ECO:0000124 def: "A type of protein localization evidence resulting from the fusion of a protein of interest to a labeling protein which has enzymatic activity or fluorescence properties." [MI:0240] green fluorescent protein fusion protein localization evidence ; ECO:0000126 def: "A type of fusion protein localization evidence resulting from the labeling of a protein of interest with green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria." [PMID:9759496] yellow fluorescent protein fusion protein localization evidence ; ECO:0000128 def: "A type of fusion protein localization evidence resulting from the labeling of a protein of interest with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), which was created by mutating green fluorescent protein (GFP) of the Aequorea victoria." [MI:0368, url:http\://www.jbc.org/content/276/31/29188.long] beta-glucuronidase fusion protein localization evidence ; ECO:0000130 def: "A type of fusion protein localization evidence resulting from the targeted insertion of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding gene as a reporter gene for the localization of a particular gene product." [ECO:RCT] beta-galactosidase fusion protein localization evidence ; ECO:0000132 def: "A type of fusion protein localization evidence resulting from the targeted insertion of the beta-galactosidase coding gene (lacZ) into a specific gene to create a beta-galactosidase-tagged fusion protein." [PMID:23681629] transport assay evidence ; ECO:0000134 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from the activity assessment of transport proteins." [PMID:18401524] nucleic acid binding evidence ; ECO:0000136 def: "A type of affinity evidence resulting from the binding of a molecule to a nucleic acid." [GO:0003676] ribohomopolymer binding assay evidence ; ECO:0000138 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence resulting from an enzyme displaying binding activity to specific ribohomopolymer." [PMC:102612] thin layer chromatography evidence ; ECO:0000140 def: "A type of chromatography evidence that uses a thin layer of adsorbent (such as silica gel, alumina, or cellulose) on a flat, inert substrate." [ECO:MCC] protein:ion binding evidence ; ECO:0000142 def: "A type of protein binding evidence resulting from a metal ion binding to a protein at a specific binding site." [PMID:2377604] Southwestern blot evidence ; ECO:0000144 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence in which DNA-protein binding is detected using labeled DNA as probes, hybridized to electrophoretically separated proteins." [ECO:RCT, TAIR:TED] Northwestern blot evidence ; ECO:0000146 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence in which RNA-protein binding is detected using labeled RNA as probes, hybridized to electrophoretically separated proteins." [ECO:RCT, TAIR:TED] in vitro binding evidence ; ECO:0000148 is_obsolete: true in vitro transcription reconstitution assay evidence ; ECO:0000150 def: "A type of reconstitution assay evidence resulting from the use of reconstituted polymerase transcription systems to investigate RNA synthesis." [PMID:9237163] in vitro recombinant protein transcription reconstitution assay evidence ; ECO:0000152 def: "A type of in vitro transcription reconstitution assay evidence resulting from the use of recombinant proteins in preparation of a fully-defined transcription system." [PMID:9237165] heterologous protein expression evidence ; ECO:0000154 def: "A type of protein expression evidence where a gene from one cell is inserted into a cell that does not typically contain that gene and heterologous protein expression is assessed." [ECO:KAV] protein separation evidence ; ECO:0000156 def: "A type of fractionation evidence resulting from the isolation of a single type of protein from a complex mixture." [ERO:0000526] protein separation followed by direct sequencing evidence ; ECO:0000158 protein separation followed by fragment identification evidence ; ECO:0000160 heterologous system uptake evidence ; ECO:0000162 def: "A type of transport assay evidence in which the uptake mechanism of a transporter is investigated in a cell that does not normally express that protein." [doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.46.060195.002223, ECO:RCT] electrophysiology assay evidence ; ECO:0000164 def: "A type of direct assay evidence where electrical properties of cells or tissues are studied." [ECO:KAV] two-electrode voltage clamp recording evidence ; ECO:0000166 def: "A type of voltage clamp recording evidence which involves using two electrodes inserted into a large cell (often a xenopus oocyte) where one electrode is used to measure the internal potential (voltage) of the cell and the other electrode is used to clamp the current." [ECO:SN, PMID:23529422] transcription assay evidence ; ECO:0000168 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from the detection and quantification of transcribed RNA." [MeSH:D014158, url:https\://bmcmolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2199-15-7] transcriptional activation assay ; ECO:0000170 def: "A type of transcription assay evidence in which sequence-specific binding proteins that increase transcription of a specific target gene or genes are identified, quantified, and/or analyzed." [url:http\://smcg.ccg.unam.mx/enp-unam/05-TranscripYRegulacion/transcription.pdf] biochemical trait analysis evidence ; ECO:0000172 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence in which the biochemical aspect of a mutation is analyzed." [ECO:RCT] mutant physiological response evidence ; ECO:0000174 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence in which the physiological response of a mutant when presented with an external stimulus is determined." [ECO:RCT] mutant visible phenotype evidence ; ECO:0000176 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence in which traits arising from a mutation are visually examined." [ECO:RCT] genomic context evidence ; ECO:0000177 def: "A type of evidence in which the location of the gene within the genome provides insight into its function, or provides evolutionary insight." [PMID:21609955] in vivo assay evidence ; ECO:0000178 def: "A type of biological assay evidence resulting from an assay performed on or in an organism." [ECO:RCT, url:https\://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=46352] animal model system study evidence ; ECO:0000179 def: "A type of experimental evidence arising from the investigation of an animal model system." [ECO:MCC] clinical study evidence ; ECO:0000180 def: "A type of experimental evidence arising from a controlled investigation that uses human subjects." [ECO:MCC] in vitro assay evidence ; ECO:0000181 def: "A type of biological assay evidence resulting from an assay performed outside the living organism, in an artificial setting." [ECO:RCT, url:https\://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=45733] in vitro culture assay evidence ; ECO:0000182 def: "A type of biological assay evidence resulting from a sample of microorganisms or living tissue grown in a medium." [ECO:RCT] cell-free assay evidence ; ECO:0000183 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence resulting from studies in which the components are derived from resting, nonstimulated cells, therefore all reactions occur in vitro." [PMID:18453125] enzyme inhibition evidence ; ECO:0000184 def: "A type of specific protein inhibition evidence where the protein under study is an enzyme." [ECO:MCC] sequence alignment evidence ; ECO:0000200 def: "A type of sequence similarity evidence in which an annotation is made based on a manually-reviewed or published sequence alignment" [url:http\://www.geneontology.org/GO.evidence.shtml] sequence orthology evidence ; ECO:0000201 def: "A type of sequence similarity evidence in which orthology is established by multiple criteria, including amino acid and/or nucleotide sequence comparisons and one or more of the following: phylogenetic analysis, coincident expression, conserved map location, functional complementation, immunological cross-reaction, similarity in subcellular localization, subunit structure, substrate specificity, and response to specific inhibitors." [url:http\://www.geneontology.org/GO.evidence.shtml] match to sequence model evidence ; ECO:0000202 def: "A type of sequence similarity evidence in which the function of a gene product is predicted based on a sequence-based statistical model." [ECO:MCC] {comment="url:http://www.geneontology.org/GO.evidence.shtml"} automatic assertion ; ECO:0000203 def: "An assertion method that does not involve human review." [ECO:MCC] author statement ; ECO:0000204 def: "An evidence type that is based on an assertion by the author of a paper, which is read by a curator." [ECO:MCC] curator inference ; ECO:0000205 def: "A type of inferential evidence that is based on a conclusion drawn by a curator." [ECO:MCC] BLAST evidence ; ECO:0000206 def: "A type of pairwise sequence alignment evidence obtained with basic local alignment search tool (BLAST)." [ECO:MCC] nucleotide BLAST evidence ; ECO:0000207 def: "A type of BLAST evidence in which nucleotide sequences are aligned." [ECO:MCC] protein BLAST evidence ; ECO:0000208 def: "A type of BLAST evidence in which amino acid or translated nucleotide sequences are aligned." [ECO:MCC] BLAST evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000209 def: "A type of BLAST evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] nucleotide BLAST evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000210 def: "A type of nucleotide BLAST evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] protein BLAST evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000211 def: "A type of protein BLAST evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] combinatorial evidence ; ECO:0000212 def: "A type of evidence that arises out of the integration of more than one line of evidence." [ECO:MCC] combinatorial evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000213 def: "A type of combinatorial analysis that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] biological aspect of descendant evidence ; ECO:0000214 def: "A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of an ancestral gene is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a descendant gene." [ECO:MCC] rapid divergence from ancestral sequence evidence ; ECO:0000215 def: "A type of phylogenetic evidence characterized by long phylogenetic tree branch lengths following a duplication event." [ECO:MCC] phylogenetic determination of loss of key residues evidence ; ECO:0000216 def: "A type of phylogenetic evidence characterized by the absence of key sequence residues." [ECO:MCC] assertion method ; ECO:0000217 def: "A means by which a statement is made about an entity." [ECO:MCC] manual assertion ; ECO:0000218 def: "An assertion method that involves human review." [ECO:MCC] nucleotide sequencing assay evidence ; ECO:0000219 def: "A type of sequencing assay that determines the sequence of a biopolymer comprised of nucleotides." [ECO:MCC] sequencing assay evidence ; ECO:0000220 def: "A type of experimental evidence where the order of molecules that constitute a biopolymer is determined." [ECO:MCC, OBI:0600047] high throughput nucleotide sequencing assay evidence ; ECO:0000221 def: "A type of nucleotide sequencing assay evidence in which a sequence is derived from a parallelized sequencing technique." [ECO:MCC] Illumina sequencing evidence ; ECO:0000222 def: "A type of high throughput nucleotide sequencing evidence in which sequence is determined through hybridization of adaptor-ligated DNA to a glass slide on which each fragment is simultaneously clonally amplified, followed by progressive rounds of base incorporation with fluorescently-tagged nucleotides, washing, imaging, and cleavage." [OBI:0000724, PMID:26000844] 454 pyrosequencing evidence ; ECO:0000223 def: "A type of high throughput nucleotide sequencing evidence in which the sequence for a ssDNA is determined by addition of primers and then nucleotides, one base pair at a time (which generate a specific fluorescence), to the target strand." [EFO:0005016] SOLiD sequencing evidence ; ECO:0000224 def: "A type of high throughput nucleotide sequencing evidence in which sequence is determined through rounds of ligation-based sequencing with fluorescently-labeled Di-base probes and cleavage, after which the template is reset, with a primer offset by one base, for subsequent rounds of ligation." [OBI:0000706] chain termination sequencing evidence ; ECO:0000225 def: "A type of nucleotide sequencing assay in which DNA sequence is determined by addition of a primed DNA template to a reaction mixture, followed by addition of DNA polymerase, deoxynucleosidetriphosphates (dNTPs - one of which may be radiolabeled), and one of four di-deoxynucleotidetriphosphates (ddNTPs), after which DNA elongation is terminated and the DNA is separated by size and imaged." [OBI:0000695] chromatin immunoprecipitation evidence ; ECO:0000226 def: "A type of immunoprecipitation evidence that is used to identify a protein binding site on a genomic DNA sequence." [ECO:MCC] chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR evidence ; ECO:0000227 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation evidence that uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) where specific primers are used on the pulled-down DNA for DNA detection." [ECO:MCC, ECO:SW, PMID:18388953] chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR evidence ; ECO:0000228 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation evidence in which protein-DNA interactions are investigated at known genomic binding sites through a process of ChIP, DNA purification, and finally quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for DNA detection." [url:https\://www.diagenode.com/applications/chip-qpcr] chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq evidence ; ECO:0000229 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation evidence that uses high-throughput sequencing where immunoprecipitated DNA fragments are funnelled into a massively parallel sequencer to produce multiple short reads for locating binding sites of DNA-associated proteins." [ECO:MCC, ECO:SW, OBI:0000716, PMID:22955991] chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence ; ECO:0000230 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation evidence that uses a tiling microarray for the detection of protein-bound DNA regions where chromatin is immunoprecipitated for protein tagging and DNA is sheared from the cross-linked protein-DNA complex to be arrayed revealing the protein-bound genomic regions." [ECO:MCC, ECO:SW, PMID:18388953, PMID:19381927] quantitative polymerase chain reaction evidence ; ECO:0000231 def: "A type of polymerase chain reaction evidence where the reaction product is quantified in real-time across cycles by means of fluorescent dyes for detection and quantification of specific sequences in a DNA sample." [ECO:MCC, ECO:SW] chromosome conformation capture-based evidence ; ECO:0000232 def: "A type of experimental evidence that is based on a five-step technique of cross-linking DNA in vivo, restriction digestion, intramolecular ligation, reversing DNA cross-links, and DNA processing and quantitation." [ECO:MCC] chromosome conformation capture evidence ; ECO:0000233 def: "A type of chromosome conformation capture-based evidence that is derived by performing a type of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the final product quantitation step." [ECO:MCC] circularized chromosome conformation capture evidence ; ECO:0000234 def: "A type of chromosome conformation capture-based evidence that is derived by inverse polymerase chain reaction (inverse PCR) on a prior circularized 3C library followed by product quantitation with a microarray." [ECO:MCC] carbon-copy chromosome conformation capture evidence ; ECO:0000235 def: "A type of chromosome conformation capture-based evidence that is derived by performing ligation-mediated amplification (LMA) prior to product quantitation." [ECO:MCC] chromosome conformation capture-PCR evidence ; ECO:0000236 def: "A type of chromosome conformation capture evidence that is derived by performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the quantitation step." [ECO:MCC] chromosome conformation capture-qPCR evidence ; ECO:0000237 def: "A type of chromosome conformation capture evidence that is derived by performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the quantitation step." [ECO:MCC] Hi-C evidence ; ECO:0000238 def: "A type of chromosome conformation capture-based evidence that is derived by performing immunoprecipitation enrichment of ligated fragments events prior to product quantitation." [ECO:MCC] chromosome conformation capture sequencing evidence ; ECO:0000239 def: "A type of chromosome conformation capture-based evidence that is derived by inverse polymerase chain reaction (inverse PCR) on a circularized 3C library prior to product quantitation with high-throughput (HT) sequencing." [ECO:MCC] anatomical perturbation evidence ; ECO:0000240 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence in which the phenotype of an organism is observed after the disruption of a structural feature." [ECO:MCC] environmental perturbation evidence ; ECO:0000241 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence in which the phenotype of an organism is observed after modification of the extra-organismal context." [ECO:MCC] tissue ablation evidence ; ECO:0000242 def: "A type of anatomical perturbation that is based on disruption of tissue." [ECO:MCC] tissue grafting evidence ; ECO:0000243 def: "A type of anatomical perturbation that is based on adding tissue to an organism through a graft procedure." [ECO:MCC] combinatorial evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000244 def: "A type of combinatorial analysis that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] computational combinatorial evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000245 def: "A type of computational combinatorial analysis that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] computational combinatorial evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000246 def: "A type of computational combinatorial analysis that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] sequence alignment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000247 def: "A type of sequence alignment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] sequence alignment evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000248 def: "A type of sequence alignment evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] sequence similarity evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000249 def: "A type of sequence similarity evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] sequence similarity evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000250 def: "A type of sequence similarity evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] similarity evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000251 def: "A type of similarity evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] similarity evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000252 def: "A type of similarity evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] genetic similarity evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000253 def: "A type of genetic similarity evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] genetic similarity evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000254 def: "A type of genetic similarity evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] match to sequence model evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000255 def: "A type of match to sequence model evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] match to sequence model evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000256 def: "A type of match to sequence model evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] motif similarity evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000257 def: "A type of motif similarity evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] motif similarity evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000258 def: "A type of motif similarity evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] match to InterPro member signature evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000259 def: "A type of match to InterPro member signature evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] match to InterPro member signature evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000260 def: "A type of match to InterPro member signature evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] targeting sequence prediction evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000261 def: "A type of targeting sequence prediction that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] targeting sequence prediction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000262 def: "A type of targeting sequence prediction that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] transmembrane domain prediction evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000263 def: "A type of transmembrane domain prediction that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] transmembrane domain prediction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000264 def: "A type of transmembrane domain prediction that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] sequence orthology evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000265 def: "A type of sequence orthology evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:RCT] sequence orthology evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000266 def: "A type of sequence orthology evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay evidence ; ECO:0000267 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence where an antigen is bound to a substrate, and an antibody directly or indirectly linked to an enzyme is utilized to determine the amount of bound antigen which is visualized with a color change in the substrate." [ECO:MCC, ECO:SW, PMID:23949770] flow cytometry evidence ; ECO:0000268 def: "A type of direct assay evidence in which cells or particles are characterized by passing them through a light source and monitoring the resultant light scatter or fluorochrome excitation." [ECO:MCC] experimental evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000269 def: "A type of experimental evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] expression evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000270 def: "A type of expression pattern evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] array experiment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000271 def: "A type of array experiment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] Affymetrix array experiment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000272 def: "A type of Affymetrix array experiment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] cDNA microarray evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000273 def: "A type of evidence arising from a cDNA microarray experiment that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] CpG island microarray evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000274 def: "A type of evidence arising from a CpG island microarray experiment that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] expression microarray evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000275 def: "A type of expression microarray evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] genomic microarray evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000276 def: "A type of evidence arising from a genomic microarray experiment that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] Nimblegen array evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000277 def: "A type of evidence arising from a Nimblegen array experiment that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] oligonucleotide microarray evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000278 def: "A type of evidence arising from an oligonucleotide microarray experiment that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] western blot evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000279 def: "A type of Western blot assay that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] protein expression level evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000280 def: "A type of protein expression level analysis that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] expression library screen evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000281 def: "A type of expression library screen evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] heterologous protein expression evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000282 def: "A type of heterologous protein expression analysis that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] spatial pattern of protein expression evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000283 def: "A type of protein expression spatial pattern analysis that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] protein expression evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000284 def: "A type of protein expression analysis that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] microarray RNA expression level evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000285 def: "A type of microarray RNA expression level data that is used in manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] transcript expression level evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000286 def: "A type of transcript expression level data that is used in manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] differential hybridization evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000287 def: "A type of differential hybridization experiment that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] RNA protection assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000288 def: "A type of RNA protection assay that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] spatial pattern of transcript expression evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000289 def: "A type of spatial pattern of transcript expression analysis that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] subtractive hybridization evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000290 def: "A type of subtractive hybridization experiment that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] transcript expression evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000291 def: "A type of transcript expression evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] morpholino experiment evidence ; ECO:0000292 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence that uses anti-sense by introducing morpholino oligonucleotides into the cytosol of a cell." [ECO:MCC] systematic evolution of ligands by exponential amplification evidence ; ECO:0000293 def: "A type of evidence arising from a physical interaction analysis where a combinatorial chemistry technique is used to identify oligonucleotides that bind to a target ligand." [ECO:MCC, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_Evolution_of_Ligands_by_Exponential_Enrichment] bacterial one-hybrid evidence ; ECO:0000294 def: "A type of hybrid interaction evidence that uses bacterial transformation with two plasmids to assess in vivo binding of a DNA-binding domain (bait) and DNA target site (prey)." [ECO:MCC] RNA-seq evidence ; ECO:0000295 def: "A type of transcript evidence based on high-throughput (HT) sequencing of fragmented cDNA molecules." [ECO:MCC] green fluorescent protein transcript localization evidence ; ECO:0000296 def: "A type of transcriptional activation assay evidence that is based on transcriptional activation of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene." [ECO:MCC, ECO:RCT] LacZ transcript localization evidence ; ECO:0000297 def: "A type of transcriptional activation assay evidence that is based on transcriptional activation of a LacZ reporter gene." [ECO:MCC] cleavage arrested development evidence ; ECO:0000298 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence where embryonic development proceeds although cytokinesis is blocked." [ECO:MCC] cytochalasin experiment evidence ; ECO:0000299 def: "A type of cleavage arrested development that arises after treatment with cytochalasin." [ECO:MCC] green fluorescent protein immunolocalization evidence ; ECO:0000300 def: "A type of immunolocalization evidence data that was generated using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a marker." [ECO:MCC] beta-galactosidase protein immunolocalization evidence ; ECO:0000301 def: "A type of immunolocalization evidence that was generated using LacZ protein as a marker." [ECO:MCC] author statement used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000302 def: "A type of author statement that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] non-traceable author statement used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000303 def: "A type of non-traceable author statement that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] traceable author statement used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000304 def: "A type of traceable author statement that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] curator inference used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000305 def: "A type of curator inference that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] inference from background scientific knowledge used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000306 def: "A type of inference from background scientific knowledge that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] no biological data found used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000307 def: "A type of no biological data found that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] biological aspect of ancestor evidence ; ECO:0000308 def: "A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendant gene is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of an ancestral gene." [ECO:MCC] cap analysis of gene expression evidence ; ECO:0000309 def: "A type of transcript expression evidence based on high-throughput (HT) sequencing of the 5' ends of cDNA molecules that are selected by a cap-trapper system." [ECO:MCC] nano-cap analysis of gene expression evidence ; ECO:0000310 def: "A type of transcript expression evidence based on high-throughput (HT) sequencing of the 5' ends of cDNA molecules that are selected by reverse transcriptase template switching." [ECO:MCC] imported information ; ECO:0000311 def: "A type of evidence that is based on work performed by a person or group prior to a use by a different person or group." [ECO:MCC] imported information used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000312 def: "A type of imported information that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] imported information used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000313 def: "A type of imported information that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] direct assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000314 def: "A type of direct assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000315 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] genetic interaction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000316 def: "A type of genetic interaction experiment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] genomic context evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000317 def: "A type of genomic context evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] biological aspect of ancestor evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000318 def: "A type of biological aspect of ancestor evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] biological aspect of descendant evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000319 def: "A type of biological aspect of descendant evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] phylogenetic determination of loss of key residues evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000320 def: "A type of phylogenetic determination of loss of key residues evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] rapid divergence from ancestral sequence evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000321 def: "A type of rapid divergence from ancestral sequence evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] imported manually asserted information used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000322 def: "Evidence that was initially used in manual assertion by one person or group, which is imported by a second person or group and used in automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] imported automatically asserted information used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000323 def: "A type of imported information used in automatic assertion that was initially used in automatic assertion by one person or group, which is imported by a second person or group and used in automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] imaging assay evidence ; ECO:0000324 def: "A type of direct assay evidence in which an image is created and analyzed." [] chromatography evidence ; ECO:0000325 def: "A type of experimental evidence that is based on separation of constituent parts of a mixture (the mobile phase) as they pass differentially through a stationary phase due to differences in partition coefficient and retention on the stationary phase." [ECO:MCC] transcript splice pattern evidence ; ECO:0000326 def: "A type of sequence alignment evidence that is based on comparing the position of exon junctions, relative to a reference genome, for a transcript annotation and a supporting transcript." [ECO:MCC] whole transcript splice pattern evidence ; ECO:0000327 def: "A type of transcript splice pattern evidence that is based on the exon combination of a whole transcript, rather than its constituent features." [ECO:MCC] coding sequence splice pattern evidence ; ECO:0000328 def: "A type of transcript splice pattern evidence that is based on the exon combination of a coding sequence (CDS), a sub-feature of a whole transcript." [ECO:MCC] whole transcript splice pattern evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000329 def: "A type of transcript splice pattern evidence that is based on the exon combination of a whole transcript, rather than its constituent features, and is used in manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] coding sequence splice pattern evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000330 def: "A type of transcript splice pattern evidence that is based on the exon combination of a coding sequence (CDS), a sub-feature of a whole transcript, and is used in manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] coding sequence splice pattern evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000331 def: "A type of transcript splice pattern evidence that is based on the exon combination of a coding sequence (CDS), a sub-feature of a whole transcript, and is used in automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] whole transcript splice pattern evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000332 def: "A type of transcript splice pattern evidence that is based on the exon combination of a whole transcript, rather than its constituent features, and is used in automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis evidence ; ECO:0000333 def: "A type of gel electrophoresis evidence where proteins are separated according to their electrophoretic mobility." [ECO:MCC, PubMed:4861258, url:http\://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v2/n1/full/nmeth0105-83.html, url:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/NAWBIS/Modules/Protein/protein18.html] particle size and count assay evidence ; ECO:0000334 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from an assay where both the size of and number of particles in a sample are determined." [ECO:MCC] substance quantification evidence ; ECO:0000335 def: "A type of direct assay evidence where the quantity of a substance used as part of an assay is measured." [ECO:MCC] competitive growth assay evidence ; ECO:0000336 def: "A type of biological assay evidence in which a mutated strain of a microorganism, such as a yeast or bacterium, is grown competitively with wild-type cells and the relative fitness of the strains is assessed." [GOC:MAH, PMID:14718172, PMID:20537132] gel electrophoresis evidence ; ECO:0000337 def: "A type of direct assay evidence where molecules have been sorted according to their size and charge by moving through a gel in the presence of an electric field." [ECO:MCC, wikipedia:Gel_electrophoresis] pulsed-field gel electrophoresis evidence ; ECO:0000338 def: "A type of gel electrophoresis evidence in which large DNA molecules are separated on agarose gel by alternately pulsed, perpendicularly oriented electrical fields, at least one of which is inhomogeneous." [PMID:6373014] two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis evidence ; ECO:0000339 def: "A type of gel electrophoresis evidence where DNA molecules are electrophoresed on a low percentage agarose gel followed by high voltage electrophoresis on a higher percentage agarose gel in the presence of ethidium bromide." [PMID:16118435, PMID:8594382] plasmid maintenance assay evidence ; ECO:0000340 def: "A type of experimental evidence in which retention of an introduced plasmid is determined when a mitotically stable plasmid (or minichromosome) is introduced into cells, which are grown without selection for several generations." [] {comment="ECO:MCC", comment="PMID:6323245"} specific protein inhibition by antibody evidence ; ECO:0000341 def: "A type of specific protein inhibition evidence where the molecular function of a protein is inhibited by an antibody." [ECO:MCC] Support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence ; ECO:0000342 def: "A type of RNA-seq evidence where intron locations in predicted transcripts are compared to intron locations supported by RNA-seq evidence." [ECO:MCC] Full support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence ; ECO:0000343 def: "A type of support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence where RNA-seq alignment from a single sample supports all of the intron positions (exon pairs) predicted for a transcript." [ECO:MCC] Partial support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence ; ECO:0000344 def: "A type of support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence where RNA-seq alignment to a genome supports only some of the intron positions (exon pairs) predicted for a transcript." [ECO:MCC] single exon transcript confirmation via alignment evidence ; ECO:0000345 Support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000346 def: "A type of support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] Support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000347 def: "A type of support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] Full support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000348 def: "A type of full support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] Full support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000349 def: "A type of full support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] Partial support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000350 def: "A type of partial support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] Partial support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000351 def: "A type of partial support of intron position by RNA-seq alignment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000352 def: "A type of evidence that is used in an manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] physical interaction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000353 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] gene neighbors evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0000354 def: "A type of gene neighbors evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] phylogenetic distribution evidence ; ECO:0000355 def: "A type of phylogenetic evidence characterized by the mapping of the character states of living organisms onto phylogenies using the method of maximum parsimony." [ECO:MCC, PMID:21238344] differential gene expression evidence from microarray experiment ; ECO:0000356 def: "A type of transcript expression evidence resulting from the assessment of microarray data to detect differential gene expression." [PMC:2762517] differential gene expression evidence from RNA-seq experiment ; ECO:0000357 def: "A type of transcript expression evidence resulting from the detection and analysis of differential gene expression in an RNA-seq dataset." [PMID:24020486] differential geneset expression evidence from microarray experiment (GSEA, Fisher-exact) ; ECO:0000358 def: "A type of transcript expression evidence resulting from a microarray analysis with the use of the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) method or the Fisher's-Exact (FE) method to assess the differential expression." [PMID:19725948] differential geneset expression evidence from RNA-seq experiment (GSEA, Fisher-exact) ; ECO:0000359 def: "A type of transcript expression evidence resulting from the use of the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) method or Fisher's-Exact (FE) method to assess an RNA-seq dataset for differential gene expression." [PMC:2881125] biological target-disease association via drug ; ECO:0000360 inferential evidence ; ECO:0000361 def: "A type of evidence where an assertion is derived from another assertion via logical inference or some non-logical but rational means." [ECO:MCC] evidence based on computational logical inference ; ECO:0000362 def: "A type of inferential evidence based on a computationally derived unary inference or an inference chain in which at least one step is \ncomputationally derived." [ECO:MCC, GOC:MC] evidence based on computational logical inference used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000363 def: "A type of evidence based on computational logical inference that is used in automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] evidence based on logical inference from manual annotation used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000364 def: "A type of evidence based on logical inference from a manually curated annotation that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] evidence based on logical inference from automatic annotation used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000366 def: "A type of evidence based on logical inference from an automatically curated annotation that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:MCC] evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0000501 def: "A type of evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:cjm] 3D cell culture evidence ; ECO:0001001 def: "A type of in vitro cell based assay evidence resulting from the growth of cells in a micro-environment that mimics real tissue and establishes physiological cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions that regulate proliferation and differentiation." [PMID:21042962, url:http\://volttecnologia.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Drug-discovery.pdf] [3H]arachidonic acid release assay evidence ; ECO:0001002 def: "A type of in vitro cell based assay evidence resulting from labeling cells with [3H]arachidonic acid and subsequently determining the release of the arachidonic acid by the cells." [ISBN:0323152295, PMID:20693009] [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay evidence ; ECO:0001003 def: "A type of DNA synthesis cell proliferation assay evidence resulting from the measurement of cell proliferation rate by determining the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into cellular nucleic acids." [OBI:0000669, url:http\://www.scientistsolutions.com/forum/cell-culture-and-tissue-culture-proliferationapoptosis/3h-thymidine-incorporation-assay-rat-1a] 51Cr release assay evidence ; ECO:0001004 def: "A type of cytotoxicity assay evidence resulting from the measurement of the amount of radioactive 51Cr released in the supernatant of a sample of 51Cr pre-labeled cells via cytolysis by effector cells (cytotoxic T-cells)." [PMC:3929704, url:http\://www4.mpbio.com/ecom/docs/proddata.nsf/5f64ffd4f38c2fda8525645d00769d68/53d2a75653615bab852568cb00572ff3?OpenDocument] 7-aminoactinomycin staining evidence ; ECO:0001005 def: "A type of apoptotic assay evidence resulting from the use of 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) to distinguish viable, apoptotic, and dead cells, using the fact that permeability of the cell membrane, and fluorescence intensity, is low in early apoptotic cells and high in late apoptotic and dead cells." [ECO:RCT] adhesion assay evidence ; ECO:0001006 def: "A type of in vitro cell based assay evidence resulting from the analysis of cell binding either to extracellular matrix proteins or other cells." [PMID:15576904, PMID:21909903] adoptive cell transfer evidence ; ECO:0001007 def: "A type of ex vivo assay evidence derived by ex vivo selection of tumor-reactive lymphocytes, and their activation and numerical expansion before re-infusion to the autologous tumor-bearing host." [ECO:SN, url:http\://jco.ascopubs.org/content/23/10/2346.full.pdf+html, url:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2305722/pdf/nihms42807.pdf] Alamar blue assay evidence ; ECO:0001008 def: "A type of cell viability assay evidence resulting from the continuous measurement of fluorescence intensity from the viable cells, where cell permeable compound, resazurin in Alamar blue is reduced to fluorescent resorufin." [PMC:3478843, url:https\://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/references/protocols/cell-and-tissue-analysis/cell-profilteration-assay-protocols/cell-viability-with-alamarblue.html] allograft transplantation experiment evidence ; ECO:0001009 def: "A type of anatomical perturbation evidence where an organ or tissue is transplanted from one individual to another of the same species with a different genotype." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.nature.com/subjects/allograft, url:http\://www.organdonor.gov/about/terms_and_topics/] anion-exchange chromatography evidence ; ECO:0001010 def: "A type of chromatography evidence where a positively charged ion exchange resin with an affinity for molecules having net negative surface charges is used to separate the molecules." [ECO:SN, PMID:20978968, url:http\://www.bio-rad.com/en-us/applications-technologies/anion-exchange-chromatography, url:http\://www.uta.edu/faculty/sawasthi/Enzymology-4351-5324/Class%20Syllabus%20Enzymology/Ion%20Exchange%20Chromatography-1.pdf] annexin-V staining evidence ; ECO:0001011 def: "A type of apoptotic assay evidence resulting from the addition and subsequent binding of Annexin V to phosphatidylserine in cells to detect if they are viable, apoptotic, or necrotic." [PMC:3169266] behavioral assay evidence ; ECO:0001012 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from behavioral phenotyping and analysis to assess cognitive functioning." [PMID:24462904] blocking monoclonal antibody evidence ; ECO:0001013 def: "A type of immunological assay evidence resulting from inhibitory effect of monoclonal antibody combining with an antigen over other antibodies." [PMID:11292349, url:http\://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673600034966] blocking peptide evidence ; ECO:0001014 def: "A type of immunological assay evidence resulting from the use of peptides to block antibodies from binding to their targets." [ECO:RCT] blocking polyclonal antibody evidence ; ECO:0001015 blood test evidence ; ECO:0001016 def: "A type of direct assay evidence where a blood sample is extracted from an organism to analyze different blood components." [ECO:SN, url:https\://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/bdt] Boyden chamber assay evidence ; ECO:0001017 def: "A type of chemotaxis assay evidence resulting from the analysis of the number of cells that migrate from the upper compartment of a chamber (separated by a micro-porous membrane) to the lower compartment, in which chemotactic agents are present." [PMID:13872176, PMID:15576901] bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay evidence ; ECO:0001018 def: "A type of nucleotide analog incorporation evidence resulting from the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as a thymidine analog into nuclear DNA, resulting in a label that can be tracked using antibody probes." [PMID:23690005] caspase assay evidence ; ECO:0001019 def: "A type of apoptotic assay evidence resulting from the detection of caspase activation, which results in the cleaving of intracellular substrates during apoptosis." [PMID:18314058, PMID:25086023] cell counting evidence ; ECO:0001020 def: "A type of in vitro cell based assay evidence resulting from the quantification of a sample of cells." [ECO:RCT] cell permeability assay evidence ; ECO:0001021 def: "A type of in vitro cell based assay evidence resulting from the quantification of cell permeability." [PMID:16962665] carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining evidence ; ECO:0001022 def: "A type of staining evidence resulting from monitoring division by the use of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) to label intracellular molecules with carboxyfluorescein; when a labeled cell divides, the number of carboxyfluorescein-tagged molecules is split." [PMC:3185625] chemiluminescence-linked immunoassay evidence ; ECO:0001023 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence resulting from a complex (a chemiluminescent compound, protein and a steroidal hapten) utilized as a labeled antigen, which emits light when treated with hydrogen peroxide and copper acetate at a high pH." [PMID:659901] chimeric protein evidence ; ECO:0001024 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence resulting from the fusion of two or more different genes to create one protein product." [PMID:22588898, PMID:25832756] co-electrophoresis evidence ; ECO:0001025 def: "A type of gel electrophoresis evidence resulting from the electrophoresis of two substances together, allowing for the characterization of ligand/nucleic acid binding interactions." [PMID:7668395] co-localization evidence ; ECO:0001026 def: "A type of imaging assay evidence resulting from the limited observation of the co-occurrence of molecules in a subcellular location." [PMC:3074624] colony counting evidence ; ECO:0001027 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from the counting of microbial colonies that arise from viable cells grown on a plate or dish." [PMID:16558698, PMID:23457446] co-sedimentation assay evidence ; ECO:0001028 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence resulting from the separation of a mixture of molecules under the influence of a force such as artificial gravity, where molecules sedimenting together are assumed to interact." [MI:0027] comet assay evidence ; ECO:0001029 def: "A type of gel electrophoresis evidence resulting in the assessment of DNA breakage in a cell, based on size and shape of DNA migration." [OBI:0302736, PMID:10737956] conditional knockout evidence ; ECO:0001030 def: "A type of knockout evidence resulting from a temporally-restricted and/or tissue-specific targeted gene removal." [PMC:3572410] conditional knockin evidence ; ECO:0001031 def: "A type of knockin evidence resulting from the targeted introduction of a temporally-restricted and/or tissue-specific mutation." [PMID:16832820] constitutively active mutant evidence ; ECO:0001032 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from a constitutively active mutant (CAM), resulting in mutant proteins that remain active in the absence of upstream signals." [PMID:12217490] cross-linking evidence ; ECO:0001033 def: "A type of protein binding evidence resulting from the identification of two interacting proteins (that exist in close proximity) by linking through covalent bonds followed by identification" [PMID:15530987, PMID:19241040] crystallography evidence ; ECO:0001034 def: "A type of structure determination evidence resulting from the use of a narrow beam of x-rays to identify molecular structures by creating a diffraction pattern." [MI:0114] cytochemistry evidence ; ECO:0001035 def: "A type of expression pattern evidence resulting from localizing chemical components of cells and organelles on histological sections." [PMID:11597006] cytochrome C release assay evidence ; ECO:0001036 def: "A type of apoptotic assay evidence resulting from the identification of an accumulation of Cytochrome c in the cytoplasm after its release from the mitochondria, an early event in apoptosis." [PMID:10914021, PMID:12815469] 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining evidence ; ECO:0001037 def: "A type of staining evidence resulting from 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) binding to AT regions of DNA and emitting a blue fluorescence." [PMID:8580206, url:https\://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/references/protocols/cell-and-tissue-analysis/protocols/dapi-imaging-protocol.html] deletion mutation evidence ; ECO:0001038 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from a mutation in which there is a removal of one or more contiguous nucleotides." [SO:0000159] DNA laddering assay evidence ; ECO:0001039 def: "A type of apoptotic assay evidence resulting from the visualization of the DNA ladder (apoptotic DNA fragmentation) in gel electrophoresis." [PMC:4401164] RNA dot blot assay evidence ; ECO:0001040 def: "A type of RNA detection assay evidence based on the direct application of a RNA mixture in a circular motion on a matrix for hybridization with labeled DNA fragments." [ECO:SW, PMID:21424648] RNA microarray evidence ; ECO:0001041 def: "A type of RNA detection assay evidence resulting from sample mRNAs (to be compared) that are reverse transcribed, labeled with fluorescent markers, and hybridized to a microarray for analysis of the intensity of each fluorophore at each array location with a laser scanner." [PMID:20967621] dominant-negative mutant evidence ; ECO:0001042 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from the analysis of a mutated gene producing mutant polypeptides that disrupt the activity of the wild-type genes." [PMC:2217636, PMID:8018332] Edman degradation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001043 def: "A type of Edman degradation evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] Edman degradation evidence ; ECO:0001044 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence resulting from labeling a termonal amino acid residue and cleaving it from a peptide by sequentially removing one residue at a time from the amino end of the peptide, without disrupting the bonds." [doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.04-0283, OBI:0000705] eTag assay evidence ; ECO:0001045 def: "A type of affinity evidence resulting from the quantitative analysis of gene and protein expression monitored by proprietary eTag reporters." [PMID:15137949] filter binding assay evidence ; ECO:0001046 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence resulting from a mixture of two molecules passed through a nitrocellulose filter, where one may be immobilized on the filter, and if the immobilized molecule is capable of binding to the other, it will be retained on the filter as well." [PMID:23028069] fluorescence in situ hybridization evidence ; ECO:0001047 def: "A type of expression pattern evidence and in situ hybridization evidence resulting from the use of fluorescent probes to detect complementary sequences of nucleic acids." [PMC:346675, PMID:6812046] fluorescence resonance energy transfer evidence ; ECO:0001048 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence resulting from the measurement of the proximity of two fluorophores, where the energy from an excited molecular fluorophore to another fluorophore can only occur within ~10nm." [PMID:11516318, PMID:15696158] gel-filtration evidence ; ECO:0001049 def: "A type of chromatography evidence resulting from the exclusion of proteins based on molecular size by filtration through a porous matrix (swollen gel), from which larger molecules are excluded." [CHMO:0001011, doi:10.1038/nmeth0506-410] histochemistry evidence ; ECO:0001050 def: "A type of expression pattern evidence resulting from the identification of chemical components in cells and tissues." [MMO:0000497] histology evidence ; ECO:0001051 def: "A type of imaging assay evidence resulting from the qualitative microscopic examination of cells or tissues." [OBI:0600020] high-performance liquid chromatography evidence ; ECO:0001052 def: "A type of chromatography evidence resulting from the separation of molecules in a solute by forcing the solvent containing the sample through a column packed with nonporous particles at high pressure." [PMID:16376355] immunocytochemistry evidence ; ECO:0001053 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence resulting from the use of antibodies linked to coloring agents to localize structures in cell cultures to identify proteins." [MI:1200, OBI:0001986] immunodepletion evidence ; ECO:0001054 def: "A type of immunological assay evidence resulting from the use of antibodies to remove specific proteins from a sample." [BAO:0002505] immunohistochemistry evidence ; ECO:0001055 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence resulting from the use of antibodies to detect proteins in localized cells of tissue sections." [OBI:0001986] induced mutation evidence ; ECO:0001056 def: "A type of genetic transformation evidence resulting from a mutation induced by a mutagenic compounds or irradiation." [OBI:0001154] in vitro acetylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001057 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where acetylated residues are detected in a compound (such as a protein or a nucleic acid) in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://www.perkinelmer.com/resources/technicalresources/applicationsupportknowledgebase/radiometric/acetylation.xhtml] in vitro cleavage assay evidence ; ECO:0001058 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence that is based on the detection protein fragements from the cleavage of a protein by a protease in vitro." [PMID:21121091] in vitro deubiquitination assay evidence ; ECO:0001059 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where the removal of ubiquitin groups on a protein is detected in vitro." [ECO:SN, PMID:19692941, SIB:PG] in vitro deacetylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001060 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where the removal of acetyl groups from a compound is detected in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://www.perkinelmer.com/resources/technicalresources/applicationsupportknowledgebase/radiometric/acetylation.xhtml] in vitro defarnesylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001061 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where the removal of farnesyl groups from a protein is detected in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, PMID:16126733, SIB:PG] in vitro demethylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001062 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where the removal of methyl groups from a compound is detected in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demethylation] in vitro desumoylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001063 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where the removal of sumo groups is detected on a protein in vitro." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://www.enzolifesciences.com/BML-UW8955/sumoylation-kit/] in vitro farnesylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001064 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where farnesylated residues in proteins are detected in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnesyltransferase] in vitro methylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001065 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where methylated residues are detected in a compound (such as a protein or a nucleic acid) in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylation] in vitro palmitoylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001066 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where palmitoylated residues in proteins are detected in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, PMID:17077383, SIB:PG] in vitro phosphatase assay evidence ; ECO:0001067 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where the removal of phosphatase groups on a protein is detected in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatase] in vitro protein kinase assay evidence ; ECO:0001068 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where phosphorylated residues in a protein are detected in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_phosphorylation] in vitro polyADP-ribosylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001069 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where ADP-ribosylated residues in proteins are detected in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, PMID:21870253, SIB:PG] in vitro sumoylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001070 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where sumoylated residues are detected on a protein in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://www.enzolifesciences.com/BML-UW8955/sumoylation-kit/] in vitro transcription assay evidence ; ECO:0001071 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where transcription is detected in vitro to validate the activation or repression ablity of a transcription factor in the absence of other proteins present in in vivo conditions." [ECO:SN, ECO:SW, PMID:21125481, SIB:PG] in vitro translation assay evidence ; ECO:0001072 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where de novo protein synthesis is detected in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, PMID:18230759, SIB:PG] in vitro ubiquitination assay evidence ; ECO:0001073 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence where ubiquitinated residues are detected on a protein in an in vitro experiment." [ECO:SN, PMID:19692941, SIB:PG] in vivo acetylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001074 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where acetylated residues are detected in a compound (such as a protein or a nucleic acid) in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://www.perkinelmer.com/resources/technicalresources/applicationsupportknowledgebase/radiometric/acetylation.xhtml] in vivo cleavage assay evidence ; ECO:0001075 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence that is based on the detection of protein fragments from the cleavage of a protein by a protease in vivo." [ECO:SN, PMID:22154596] in vivo deacetylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001076 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where the removal of acetyl groups from a compound is detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://www.perkinelmer.com/resources/technicalresources/applicationsupportknowledgebase/radiometric/acetylation.xhtml] in vivo defarnesylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001077 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where removal of farnesyl groups from a protein is detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, PMID:15556768, PMID:16507103, SIB:PG] in vivo demethylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001078 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where the removal of methyl groups from a compound is detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demethylation] in vivo deubiquitination assay evidence ; ECO:0001079 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where the removal of ubiquitin groups on a protein is detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, PMID:19692941, SIB:PG] in vivo desumoylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001080 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where the removal of sumo groups on a protein is detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://www.enzolifesciences.com/BML-UW8955/sumoylation-kit/] in vivo farnesylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001081 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where farnesylated residues in proteins are detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, PMID:9030603, SIB:PG] in vivo methylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001082 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where methylated residues are detected in a compound (such as a protein or a nucleic acid) in vivo." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylation] in vivo palmitoylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001083 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where palmitoylated residues in proteins are detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, PMID:10329400, SIB:PG] in vivo phosphatase assay evidence ; ECO:0001084 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where the removal of phosphate groups on a protein is detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatase] in vivo protein kinase assay evidence ; ECO:0001085 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where phosphorylated residues in a protein are detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase, url:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_phosphorylation] in vivo sumoylation assay evidence ; ECO:0001086 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where sumoylated residues are detected on a protein in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, SIB:PG, url:http\://www.enzolifesciences.com/BML-UW8955/sumoylation-kit/] in vivo transcription assay evidence ; ECO:0001087 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where transcription is detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, PMID:12181418, SIB:PG] in vivo translation assay evidence ; ECO:0001088 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where de novo protein synthesis is detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, PMID:24901308, SIB:PG] in vivo ubiquitination assay evidence ; ECO:0001089 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where ubiquitinated residues on a protein are detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, PMID:19692941, SIB:PG] knockin evidence ; ECO:0001090 def: "A type of genetic transformation evidence resulting from the targetted replacement of a wild-type DNA sequence with a different sequence." [PMID:18077807, PMID:21800101] knockout evidence ; ECO:0001091 def: "A type of genetic transformation evidence resulting from the removal of a particular gene (or genes), disrupting the function and allowing for functional analysis." [PMC:2782548] lipid binding assay evidence ; ECO:0001092 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence resulting from the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the affinity with which a protein binds to a lipid." [PMID:22848065, PMID:23681540] luminescence-based mammalian interactome mapping assay evidence ; ECO:0001093 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence resulting from the analysis of protein-protein interactions by use of a luciferase enzyme fused to a particular protein (or proteins), which are coexpressed with epitope-tagged partners in mammalian cells." [MI:0729, PMID:15761153] macroscopy evidence ; ECO:0001094 mammalian 2-hybrid assay evidence ; ECO:0001095 def: "A type of hybrid interaction evidence resulting from the analysis of proteins of interest attached to two portions of the transcriptional activator, and in interaction bring the two portions together to increase expression of the reporter gene." [ECO:RCT, PMID:9043710] mass spectrometry evidence ; ECO:0001096 def: "A type of spectrometry evidence resulting from identifying the amount and type of material entities present in a sample by fragmenting it and measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of the resulting particles." [OBI:0000470] medical imaging evidence ; ECO:0001097 def: "A type of imaging assay evidence resulting from the use of technology to visualize and provide information about the body to diagnose, treat, or monitor medical conditions." [url:http\://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/ucm2005914.htm] microscopy evidence ; ECO:0001098 def: "A type of direct assay evidence where a microscope was used to view a sample." [ECO:MCC] motility wound healing assay evidence ; ECO:0001099 MTS assay evidence ; ECO:0001100 def: "A type of metabolic cell proliferation assay evidence resulting from 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) in combination with phenazine methyl sulfate (PMS) as an intermediate electron acceptor reagent to produce a soluble formazan dye in viable cells." [NBK:144065, PMID:1867954] MTT assay evidence ; ECO:0001101 def: "A type of metabolic cell proliferation assay evidence resulting from the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to its insoluble purple formazan dye in viable cells." [NBK:144065, PMID:6606682] multiplex bead-based immunoassay evidence ; ECO:0001102 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence resulting from determination of analyte concentration by fluorescent bead sets attached to an antibody (to a specific analyte) with a fluorescent reporter dye label attached to a second antibody (to a specific analyte)." [PMC:1534009] natural variation mutant evidence ; ECO:0001103 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from the observation of the impact of a natural mutation on the expressed traits." [ECO:RCT] nuclear fragmentation evidence ; ECO:0001104 def: "A type of apoptotic assay evidence resulting from the nuclei fragmenting into smaller pieces during programmed cell death." [PMID:16738861] nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy evidence ; ECO:0001105 def: "A type of structure determination evidence resulting from the use of an MRI to provide chemical information about tissue metabolites." [PMID:16428685] nuclease protection assay evidence ; ECO:0001106 def: "A type of RNA detection assay evidence resulting from the detection and quantitation of specific RNAs (from a sample of total cellular RNA) that are bound by antisense RNA or DNA probes and therefore protected from nucleases." [PMID:17486122, PMID:18428580] nucleotide analog incorporation evidence ; ECO:0001107 def: "A type of DNA synthesis cell proliferation assay evidence resulting from the analysis and measurement of the incorporation of nucleotide analog(s) into the DNA." [PMC:3149870] phage display evidence ; ECO:0001108 def: "A type of protein binding evidence resulting from the panning of a phage library where the individual phage displayed a different peptide or protein by fusion to coat proteins on the capsid." [MI:0084, PMID:11680867] phosphoamino acid analysis evidence ; ECO:0001109 def: "A type of protein assay evidence resulting from the identification of the phosphorylated residue in a protein by amino acid analysis." [PMID:11680867, PMID:18429115] peptide affinity enrichment evidence ; ECO:0001110 physical examination evidence ; ECO:0001111 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from the physical examination and measurement of the feature of a subject or sample." [ECO:RCT] peptide array evidence ; ECO:0001112 def: "A type of protein assay evidence resulting from protein-bound peptides detected from a collection of peptides arranged as an array and incubated with the partner protein in order to map protein-protein interaction sites." [PMID:21243154] point mutation evidence ; ECO:0001113 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from the change in a single nucleotide." [SO:1000008] propidium iodide staining evidence ; ECO:0001114 def: "A type of staining evidence resulting from the binding and labeling of DNA (during apoptosis, when there is a loss of nuclear DNA content) with propidium iodide (PI) to identify the cells from which it originated." [PMID:17406435] fluorescence evidence ; ECO:0001115 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from the analysis of a molecule by its intrinsic fluorescence, or by attaching it with a fluorophore." [url:http\://www.nature.com/subjects/biological-fluorescence] protein dot blot assay evidence ; ECO:0001116 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence resulting from protein samples immobilized on a membrane, then subsequently incubated and imaged." [doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0951-9_24] protein microarray evidence ; ECO:0001117 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence resulting from proteins immobilized to prepare protein chips, or microwells, that can be utilized to determine presence of proteins, monitor differential expression profiles, and/or study protein interactions." [PMC:1828913] protein sequencing assay evidence ; ECO:0001118 def: "A type of sequencing assay evidence resulting from determining the sequence of amino acids in a protein." [ERO:0001287] quantitative mass spectrometry evidence ; ECO:0001119 def: "A type of mass spectrometry evidence resulting from quantitative analysis of peptides, proteins, and proteomes." [PMID:22665296] radioisotope assay evidence ; ECO:0001120 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from the assessment of biological reactions by use of a radioactive isotope to label the reactant." [ISBN:978-3-642-50036-7] radioimmunoassay evidence ; ECO:0001121 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence resulting from the use of a radioligand to measure the binding of a substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system." [MeSH:D011863] resonant mirror biosensor evidence ; ECO:0001123 def: "A type of direct assay evidence from the analysis of the real-time interaction between an analyte in solution and its interactant linked to the surface of the resonant mirror." [PMID:19151938] restriction fragment detection evidence ; ECO:0001124 def: "A type of DNA detection assay evidence resulting from homologous DNA fragments digested by restriction enzymes, and the resulting restriction fragments are sorted by length to illustrate differences." [doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0951-9_24, url:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/probe/docs/techrflp/] spectrophotometry evidence ; ECO:0001126 def: "A type of spectrometry evidence resulting from the evaluation of a molecule in a fluid by its ability to alter the transmission of light at specific wavelengths." [MMO:0000173] surface plasmon resonance evidence ; ECO:0001127 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence based on real-time, rapid plasmon generation on the interface between a planar surface and vacuum that measures changes in refractive index close to the sensor surface when an analyte and its immobilized ligand bind to observe and characterize molecular interaction." [ECO:SW, PMID:11578932, PMID:19151937, PMID:8574707] syngeneic transplantation experiment evidence ; ECO:0001128 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from a transplantation in which the transplanted material (stem cells) is from an individual's identical twin." [PMID:18469352] TACE activity assay evidence ; ECO:0001129 def: "A type of enzyme assay evidence resulting from the analysis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a converting enzyme (TACE), which releases a soluble TNF-a from the membrane-bound precursor protein." [PMC:1808921] tissue microarray evidence ; ECO:0001130 def: "A type of array experiment evidence resulting from the analysis of section(s) of a paraffin block containing embedded tissues cores arranged in an array pattern." [PMID:11770905] transgenic organism evidence ; ECO:0001131 def: "A type of genetic transformation evidence resulting from an organism that has had its expressed phenotype altered by modification." [OBI:1000048] tryptic phosphopeptide mapping assay evidence ; ECO:0001132 def: "A type of mass spectrometry evidence resulting from the analysis of prepared phosphopeptides separated in two dimensions on a TLC plate." [PMID:18429120] terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay evidence ; ECO:0001133 def: "A type of apoptotic assay evidence resulting from the visualization of DNA fragmentation by detection of exposed 3'-OH ends, localized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) which then catalyzes the addition of labeled dUTPs." [PMID:22566045] urine test evidence ; ECO:0001134 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from the analysis of a urine sample." [ECO:RCT] wound healing assay evidence ; ECO:0001135 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence resulting from the creation of a wound in a cell monolayer, then capturing images at regular intervals to observe directional cell migration during the closure of the wound." [PMID:15576902] WST-1 assay evidence ; ECO:0001136 def: "A type of metabolic cell proliferation assay evidence resulting from the assessment of metabolic activity from a water-soluble tetrazolium salt WST-1 being reduced outside the cell (by reacting with mitochondrial succinate-tetrazolium reductase) to form a formazan dye." [PMID:18417231] xenotransplantation experiment evidence ; ECO:0001137 def: "A type of anatomical perturbation evidence where live cells, tissues, or organs from a non-human animal source are transplanted, implanted or infused into a human recipient." [ECO:SN, url:http\://ilarjournal.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/1/16.full.pdf+html, url:http\://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Xenotransplantation/] 3D cell culture evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001138 def: "A type of 3D cell culture evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] 51Cr release assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001139 def: "A type of 51Cr release assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] 7-aminoactinomycin staining evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001140 def: "A type of 7-aminoactinomycin staining evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001141 def: "A type of [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] [3H]arachidonic acid release assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001142 def: "A type of [3H]arachidonic acid release assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] adhesion assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001143 def: "A type of adhesion assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] adoptive cell transfer evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001144 def: "A type of adoptive cell transfer evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] Alamar blue assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001145 def: "A type of Alamar blue assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] allograft transplantation experiment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001146 def: "A type of allograft transplantation experiment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] anion-exchange chromatography evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001147 def: "A type of anion-exchange chromatography evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] annexin-V staining evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001148 def: "A type of annexin-V staining evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] behavioral assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001149 def: "A type of behavioral assay evidence used that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] blocking monoclonal antibody evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001150 def: "A type of blocking monoclonal antibody evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] blocking peptide evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001151 def: "A type of blocking peptide evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] blocking polyclonal antibody evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001152 def: "A type of blocking polyclonal antibody evidence tthat is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] blood test evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001153 def: "A type of blood test evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] Boyden chamber assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001154 def: "A type of Boyden chamber assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001155 def: "A type of BrdU incorporation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] caspase assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001156 def: "A type of caspase assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] cell counting evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001157 def: "A type of cell counting evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] cell permeability assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001158 def: "A type of cell permeability assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001159 def: "A type of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] chemiluminescence-linked immunoassay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001160 def: "A type of chemiluminescence-linked immunoassay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] chimeric protein evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001161 def: "A type of chimeric protein evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] co-electrophoresis evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001162 def: "A type of co-electrophoresis evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] co-localization evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001163 def: "A type of co-localization evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] co-sedimentation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001164 def: "A type of co-sedimentation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] colony counting evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001165 def: "A type of colony counting evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] comet assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001166 def: "A type of comet assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] conditional knockin evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001167 def: "A type of conditional knockin evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] conditional knockout evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001168 def: "A type of conditional knockout evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] constitutively active mutant evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001169 def: "A type of constitutively active mutant evidence that is used a in manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] cross-linking evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001170 def: "A type of cross-linking evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] crystallography evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001171 def: "A type of crystallography evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] cytochemistry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001172 def: "A type of cytochemistry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] cytochrome C release assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001173 def: "A type of cytochrome C release assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001174 def: "A type of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] deletion mutation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001175 def: "A type of deletion evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] DNA laddering assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001176 def: "A type of DNA laddering assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] RNA dot blot assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001177 def: "A type of RNA dot blot assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] RNA microarray evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001178 def: "A type of RNA microarray evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] dominant-negative mutant evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001179 def: "A type of dominant-negative mutant evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] eTag assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001180 def: "A type of eTag assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] filter binding assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001181 def: "A type of filter binding assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] fluorescence in situ hybridization evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001182 def: "A type of fluorescence in situ hybridization evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] fluorescence resonance energy transfer evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001183 def: "A type of fluorescence resonance energy transfer evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] gel-filtration evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001184 def: "A type of gel-filtration evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] histochemistry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001185 def: "A type of histochemistry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] immunocytochemistry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001186 def: "A type of immunocytochemistry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] histology evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001187 def: "A type of histology evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] immunodepletion evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001188 def: "A type of immunodepletion evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] immunohistochemistry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001189 def: "A type of immunohistochemistry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro acetylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001190 def: "A type of in vitro acetylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro cleavage assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001191 def: "A type of in vitro cleavage assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro deacetylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001192 def: "A type of in vitro deacetylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro defarnesylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001193 def: "A type of in vitro defarnesylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro demethylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001194 def: "A type of in vitro demethylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro desumoylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001195 def: "A type of in vitro desumoylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro deubiquitination assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001196 def: "A type of in vitro deubiquitination assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro farnesylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001197 def: "A type of in vitro farnesylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro methylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001198 def: "A type of in vitro methylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro palmitoylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001199 def: "A type of in vitro palmitoylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro phosphatase assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001200 def: "A type of in vitro phosphatase assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro polyADP-ribosylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001201 def: "A type of in vitro polyADP-ribosylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro protein kinase assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001202 def: "A type of in vitro protein kinase assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro sumoylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001203 def: "A type of in vitro sumoylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro transcription assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001204 def: "A type of in vitro transcription assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro translation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001205 def: "A type of in vitro translation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vitro ubiquitination assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001206 def: "A type of in vitro ubiquitination assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo acetylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001207 def: "A type of in vivo acetylation assay evidence that is used in manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo cleavage assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001208 def: "A type of in vivo cleavage assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo deacetylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001209 def: "A type of in vivo deacetylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo defarnesylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001210 def: "A type of in vivo defarnesylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo demethylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001211 def: "A type of in vivo demethylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo desumoylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001212 def: "A type of in vivo desumoylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo deubiquitination assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001213 def: "A type of in vivo deubiquitination assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo farnesylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001214 def: "A type of in vivo farnesylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo methylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001215 def: "A type of in vivo methylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo palmitoylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001216 def: "A type of in vivo palmitoylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo phosphatase assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001217 def: "A type of in vivo phosphatase assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo protein kinase assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001218 def: "A type of in vivo protein kinase assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo sumoylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001219 def: "A type of in vivo sumoylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo transcription assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001220 def: "A type of in vivo transcription assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo translation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001221 def: "A type of in vivo translation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] in vivo ubiquitination assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001222 def: "A type of in vivo ubiquitination assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] induced mutation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001223 def: "A type of induced mutation evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] knockin evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001224 def: "A type of knockin evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] knockout evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001225 def: "A type of knockout evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] lipid binding assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001226 def: "A type of lipid binding assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] luminescence-based mammalian interactome mapping assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001227 def: "A type of LUMIER assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] macroscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001228 def: "A type of macroscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] mammalian 2-hybrid assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001229 def: "A type of mammalian 2-hybrid assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] mass spectrometry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001230 def: "A type of mass spectrometry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] medical imaging evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001231 def: "A type of medical imaging evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001232 def: "A type of microscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] motility wound healing assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001233 def: "A type of motility wound healing assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] MTS assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001234 def: "A type of MTS assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] MTT assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001235 def: "A type of MTT assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] multiplex bead-based immunoassay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001236 def: "A type of multiplex bead-based immunoassay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] natural variation mutant evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001237 def: "A type of natural variation mutant evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001238 def: "A type of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] nuclear fragmentation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001239 def: "A type of nuclear fragmentation evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] nuclease protection assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001240 def: "A type of nuclease protection assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] nucleotide analog incorporation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001241 def: "A type of nucleotide analog incorporation evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] phage display evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001242 def: "A type of phage display evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] phosphoamino acid analysis evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001243 def: "A type of phosphoamino acid analysis evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] peptide affinity enrichment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001244 def: "A type of peptide affinity enrichment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] peptide array evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001245 def: "A type of peptide array evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] physical examination evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001246 def: "A type of physical examination evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] point mutation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001247 def: "A type of point mutation evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] propidium iodide staining evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001248 def: "A type of propidium iodide staining evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] fluorescence evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001249 def: "A type of protein detection by fluorescence evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] protein dot blot assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001250 def: "A type of protein dot blot assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] protein microarray evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001251 def: "A type of protein microarray evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] protein sequencing assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001252 def: "A type of protein sequencing assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] quantitative mass spectrometry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001253 def: "A type of quantitative mass spectrometry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] radioisotope assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001254 def: "A type of radioisotope assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] radioimmunoassay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001255 def: "A type of radioimmunoassay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] imaging assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001256 def: "A type of imaging assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] restriction fragment detection evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001257 def: "A type of restriction fragment detection evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] spectrophotometry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001258 def: "A type of spectrophotometry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] syngeneic transplantation experiment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001259 def: "A type of syngeneic transplantation experiment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] xenotransplantation experiment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001260 def: "A type of xenotransplantation experiment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] WST-1 assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001261 def: "A type of WST-1 assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] wound healing assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001262 def: "A type of wound healing assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] urine test evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001263 def: "A type of urine test evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001264 def: "A type of TUNEL assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] tryptic phosphopeptide mapping assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001265 def: "A type of tryptic phosphopeptide mapping assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] transgenic organism evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001266 def: "A type of transgenic organism evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] tissue microarray evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001267 def: "A type of tissue microarray evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] TACE activity assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001268 def: "A type of TACE activity assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] surface plasmon resonance evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001269 def: "A type of surface plasmon resonance evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] restriction landmark genomic scanning evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001270 def: "A type of restriction landmark genome scanning evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] resonant mirror biosensor evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001271 def: "A type of resonant mirror biosensor evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] high-performance liquid chromatography evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001272 def: "A type of high-performance liquid chromatography evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] ectopic expression evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001273 def: "A type of ectopic expression evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:MCC] protein-binding microarray evidence ; ECO:0001601 def: "A type of oligonucleotide microarray evidence that detects binding of a tagged protein to an array of oligonucleotide probes representing potential binding sites." [PMID:22146299] in vivo cell staining evidence ; ECO:0001603 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence in which living cells are stained with a vital stain, i.e. dye that can be used on living cells without causing cell death." [GOC:MAH] alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay evidence ; ECO:0001801 def: "A type of reporter gene assay evidence based on the fusion of selected genes with the phoA gene to express alkaline phosphatase in periplasmic space for protein tracing." [ECO:SW, PMID:11823238] beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay evidence ; ECO:0001802 def: "A type of reporter gene assay evidence based on the fusion of the lacZ gene to a specific promoter for the expression of beta-galactosidase which will appear blue when grown on a X-gal medium." [ECO:SW, PMID:20439410] chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene assay evidence ; ECO:0001803 def: "A type of reporter gene assay evidence based on the fusion of the CAT gene to a specific promoter for the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase which confers resistance to the chloramphenicol antibiotic." [ECO:SW, PMID:1630936] beta-glucuronidase reporter gene assay evidence ; ECO:0001804 def: "A type of reporter gene assay evidence where the beta-glucuronidase enzyme from Escherichia coli is used as the reporter to transform non-fluorescent substrates into fluorescents for detection." [ECO:SW] luciferase reporter gene assay evidence ; ECO:0001805 def: "A type of reporter gene assay evidence where luciferase, an oxidative enzyme, is used as the reporter to detect a gene product with bioluminescence." [ECO:SW, PMID:17623934] chromatin immunoprecipitation- exonuclease evidence ; ECO:0001806 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation evidence that uses gama-exonuclease to digest TF-unbound DNA after ChIP for the identification of transcription factor binding site locations with high-resolution data." [ECO:SW, PMID:25249628] electrophoretic mobility shift assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001807 def: "A type of electrophoretic mobility shift that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SW] reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0001808 def: "A type of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SW] DNA affinity chromatography evidence ; ECO:0001809 def: "A type of chromatography evidence where immobilized promoter DNA is labeled and bound to a matrix through which a protein mixture is poured and then eluted to purify specific DNA binding proteins." [ECO:SW, PMID:11694305, PMID:11725488] DNAse footprinting evidence ; ECO:0001810 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence where proteins that have been bound to DNA protect a binding site from enzymatic cleavage with DNAse, thereby detecting protein-DNA interactions." [ECO:SW, PMID:212715, PMID:22194258] fluorescence anisotropy evidence ; ECO:0001811 def: "A type of fluorescence evidence based on rapid and quantitative analysis of diverse molecular interactions, enzyme activities, and nucleic acid hybridization which uses a fluorophore to measure the binding constants and kinetics of reactions that cause a change in the rotational time of the molecules." [ECO:SW, PMID:20232898] genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential amplification evidence ; ECO:0001812 def: "A type of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential amplification evidence based on a restricted genomic DNA library to identify naturally occurring genomic aptamers and RNA-protein interaction networks with RNA-binding protein as bait and high-throughput sequencing." [ECO:SW, PMID:20541015, PMID:21720957] heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy evidence ; ECO:0001813 def: "A type of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy evidence based on two-dimensional NMR for elucidation of the chemical structure of an isolated or synthesized chemical compound where the characteristic transfer magnetization of a proton to a nitrogen or carbon isotope is monitored by NMR, generating a specific peak in the spectrum." [ECO:SW, PMID:19856946] methidiumpropyl-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron (II) footprinting evidence ; ECO:0001814 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence where the synthetic molecule methidiumpropyl-EDTA (MPE) is used to cleave ligand-protected DNA, followed by analysis of the restriction fragments to generate a footprint (i.e. size and location) of small molecule binding sites on the DNA." [ECO:SW, PMID:6225070] copper-phenanthroline footprinting evidence ; ECO:0001815 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence where nucleic acid that has been bound to protein is cleaved with 1,10-phenanthroline-copper complex resulting in a high-resolution footprint of sequence-specific protein-DNA contacts." [ECO:SW, PMID:11691942] green fluorescent protein reporter gene assay evidence ; ECO:0001816 def: "A type of reporter gene assay evidence based on the fusion of select genes with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene for detection with bioluminescence of the gene product when exposed to blue ultraviolet light." [ECO:SW, PMID:11989662] glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay evidence ; ECO:0001817 def: "A type of protein binding evidence where a gene is fused with the GST gene and the resulting recombinant bait protein is captured on an immobilized Glutathione affinity ligand and incubated with prey protein to identify and characterize protein-protein interactions." [ECO:SW, PMID:26096507] hydroxyl-radical footprinting evidence ; ECO:0001818 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence used to identify protein-binding sites on the DNA molecule where DNA that has been bound to protein is digested with hydroxyl radical produced by reduction of hydrogen peroxide with iron (II), followed by separating the cleavage products on a denaturing electrophoresis gel." [ECO:SW, PMID:18546600, PMID:19378159, PMID:3090544] primer extension assay evidence ; ECO:0001819 def: "A type of transcript expression level evidence used to determine expression levels of mRNA where a radiolabeled synthetic oligonucleotide primer is annealed to mRNA at the transcription start site of a gene and the mRNA is extended with reverse transcriptase producing cDNA which is electrophoresed on a polyacrylamide gel and autoradiographed, and the band size is proportional to the initial RNA." [ECO:SW, PMID:23378648] rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction evidence ; ECO:0001820 def: "A type of polymerase chain reaction evidence where a mRNA primer is used for RT-PCR and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is used to add identical nucleotides to the 3' end of the cDNA after which PCR with a different primer and TdT-oligomer are performed in the other sense to obtain the full length sequence of a RNA transcript." [ECO:SW, PMID:17498297] RNA sequencing assay evidence ; ECO:0001821 def: "A type of nucleotide sequencing assay evidence where RNA is extracted from a cell, reverse transcribed to cDNA for a snapshot of an organism's transcriptome with precise measurement of transcript levels and their isoforms." [ECO:SW, PMID:19015660] is_obsolete: true survival rate analysis evidence ; ECO:0001822 def: "A type of knockout evidence based on the survival of an organism in a particular environment where a gene for an enzyme or regulator is knocked out and results are used as a natural reporter." [ECO:SW] x-ray crystallography evidence ; ECO:0001823 def: "A type of crystallography evidence where a purified sample at high concentration is crystallised and the crystals are exposed to an x ray beam to obtain three dimensional molecular structure of proteins and biological macromolecules." [ECO:SW, PMID:23135450, PMID:24648090] DNA adenine methyltransferase identification evidence ; ECO:0001824 def: "A type of affinity evidence used to identify DNA binding sites in eukaryotes where Escherichia coli DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) is fused to a transcription factor, co-factor, chromatin-associated protein, or nuclear-associated protein, followed by a methyl-dependent PCR to localize methyltransferase in the region of the binding site." [ECO:SW, PMID:16938559, PMID:17545983, PMID:19588092] isothermal titration calorimetry evidence ; ECO:0001825 def: "A type of affinity evidence where the absorbed or released heat of a biomolecular binding event is directly measured in a reference cell and sample cell after the addition of a ligand using a microcalorimeter for a complete thermodynamic profile of the molecular interaction." [ECO:SW, PMID:10527727] ultraviolet light footprinting evidence ; ECO:0001826 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence where DNA is non-specifically fragmented with ultraviolet light while protein-bound regions are protected from UV damage and strand breakage patterns are analyzed by PAGE and sequenced to detect protein-DNA contacts." [ECO:SW, PMID:2842760, PMID:7602584] premethylation interference footprinting evidence ; ECO:0001827 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence used to identify protein binding sites on the DNA molecule where multiple copies of a DNA fragment containing a putative TF-binding site are randomly methylated with dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and cleaved at the methyl group, followed by separating the cleavage products on a denaturing electrophoresis gel." [ECO:SW, PMID:1583685] visual sequence inspection evidence ; ECO:0001828 def: "A type of inference from background scientific knowledge used in manual assertion where a visual inspection of promoter region is made to identify putative binding sites." [ECO:SW] ferric uptake regulator titration assay evidence ; ECO:0001829 def: "A type of reporter gene assay evidence used to locate and isolate Fur sites where a plasmid library is created and cloned into a cell line with a ferric uptake regulator (Fur)-repressed reporter and the Fur protein is titrated away from its binding site on the reporter, after which the cell is isolated and plasmid extracted for further sequence analysis." [ECO:SW, PMID:10713425, PMID:7642488, PMID:8107138] cell viability assay evidence ; ECO:0005004 def: "A type of in vitro cell based assay evidence resulting from analyzing the difference between the number (estimation) of cells at the start and the remaining viable cells at the end of the assay." [NBK:144065] cell proliferation assay evidence ; ECO:0005007 def: "A type of in vitro cell based assay evidence resulting from the measurement of cell proliferation." [ECO:RCT] DNA synthesis cell proliferation assay evidence ; ECO:0005008 def: "A type of cell proliferation assay evidence resulting from the measure of proliferation by estimation of DNA synthesis." [PMC:3908118] metabolic cell proliferation assay evidence ; ECO:0005009 def: "A type of cell proliferation assay resulting from the assessment of metabolic activity." [ECO:RCT] cell proliferation marker detection assay evidence ; ECO:0005010 ATP bioluminescence assay evidence ; ECO:0005011 def: "A type of cell proliferation assay evidence resulting from the analysis of ATP concentration (light intensity) when luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of luciferin in the presence of ATP, magnesium ions and molecular oxygen." [PMID:15344559] cytotoxicity assay evidence ; ECO:0005012 in vitro cell based assay evidence ; ECO:0005014 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence resulting from the use of live cells." [ECO:RCT] staining evidence ; ECO:0005019 def: "A type of direct assay evidence resulting from the use of stains or dyes to aid in analysis of a microscopic image." [ECO:RCT] chemotaxis assay evidence ; ECO:0005021 def: "A type of in vitro cell based assay evidence resulting from a given chemical substance causing a movement response, or not, in the sample cells or organisms." [PMC:3667641] genetic transformation evidence ; ECO:0005027 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence resulting from the conversion of one genotype into another by the introduction of exogenous DNA." [ECO:RCT] structure determination evidence ; ECO:0005031 def: "A type of experimental evidence resulting from the visualization and examination of chemical and/or molecular structures." [ECO:RCT] electron microscopy evidence ; ECO:0005033 def: "A type of microscopy evidence and structure determination evidence resulting from an electron beam utilized to create an image." [ECO:RCT] apoptotic assay evidence ; ECO:0005034 def: "A type of in vitro cell based assay evidence resulting from the occurrence, visualization, and/or analysis of apoptosis." [ECO:RCT] in vivo polyADP-ribosylation assay evidence ; ECO:0005500 def: "A type of in vivo assay evidence where ADP-ribosylated residues in proteins are detected in cells in vivo." [ECO:SN, PMID:2820766, SIB:PG] in vivo polyADP-ribosylation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005501 def: "A type of in vivo polyADP-ribosylation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] ex vivo assay evidence ; ECO:0005502 def: "A type of biological assay evidence derived by studying an organ, tissues, or cells taken from an organism in an external environment with the minimum alteration of natural conditions." [ECO:SN, PMID:16305312, url:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2305722/pdf/nihms42807.pdf] two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis evidence ; ECO:0005503 def: "A type of gel electrophoresis evidence that involves one dimension electrophoresis where biomolecules are electrophoresed on a low percentage polyacrylamide gel to be separated in proportion to their mass or isoelectric point, followed by high voltage electrophoresis on a higher percentage gel in the presence of ethidium bromide to alter non-linear molecular shape." [ECO:SW, url:http\://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v2/n1/full/nmeth0105-83.html] spectrometry evidence ; ECO:0005504 def: "A type of experimental evidence resulting from the use of a spectrometer." [ECO:RCT] regular expression motif search evidence ; ECO:0005505 def: "A type of motif similarity evidence where the motif, a local alignment of sequences, is represented by a regular expression, which captures the variability of nucleotides at each position in a discrete form and can then be used to search genetic sequences by identifying matches to the regular expression." [ECO:SW, PMID:17337630] missense mutation evidence ; ECO:0005506 def: "A type of point mutation evidence resulting from a change in a base (or bases) causing the substitution of one amino acid for another." [SO:0001583] nonsense mutation evidence ; ECO:0005507 def: "A type of point mutation evidence resulting in an incomplete and usually nonfunctional protein product because of a premature stop codon." [url:https\://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/possiblemutations] silent mutation evidence ; ECO:0005508 def: "A type of point mutation evidence resulting from the change of a DNA nucleotide that does not cause any changes in the amino acid sequence." [url:http\://www.sciencemag.org/news/2006/12/sound-silent-mutation] insertion mutation evidence ; ECO:0005509 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from a mutation in which there is an insertion of an additional nucleotide, or nucleotides." [GO:0070705] duplication mutation evidence ; ECO:0005511 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from a mutation in which inserted nucleotide(s) have a sequence identical to, or derived from, adjacent nucleotides." [SO:1000035] frameshift mutation evidence ; ECO:0005512 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from any mutation that causes a shift in bases and therefore changes the code for the amino acids." [url:https\://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/possiblemutations] repeat expansion mutation evidence ; ECO:0005513 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from a mutation that increases the number of times that a DNA sequence is repeated." [PMID:9397685, url:https\://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/possiblemutations] splice site mutation evidence ; ECO:0005514 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from a mutation in which there is a change in nucleotides at a splice site" [ECO:RCT] translocation mutation evidence ; ECO:0005515 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence resulting from a mutation in which a region of a chromosome is transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome" [ECO:RCT] molecule detection assay evidence ; ECO:0005516 def: "A type of experimental evidence resulting from the detection and analysis of molecular markers." [ECO:RCT] protein detection assay evidence ; ECO:0005517 def: "A type of molecule detection assay evidence resulting from the detection and quantification of a protein, or multiple proteins." [ECO:RCT] RNA detection assay evidence ; ECO:0005518 def: "A type of molecule detection assay evidence resulting from the detection of specific RNAs." [ECO:RCT] DNA detection assay evidence ; ECO:0005519 def: "A type of molecule detection assay evidence resulting from the detection and visualization of a sequence of DNA." [ECO:RCT] interferometric reflectance imaging sensor evidence ; ECO:0005520 def: "A type of molecule detection assay evidence based on changes in surface-reflected light due to ligand binding on the surface of a semi-transparent substrate to detect proteins, DNA, and other biological material in a multiplexed, high-throughput microarray format without labels." [ECO:SW, PMID:21587155, PMID:24271115] S1 nuclease protection assay evidence ; ECO:0005521 def: "A type of nuclease protection assay evidence where RNA is hybridized with complementary DNA probes and exposed to S1 nuclease for unbound RNA degradation after which the intact RNA is run on a gel for probe size determination and RNA identification to detect and map specific RNAs in a complex mixture of total cellular RNA." [ECO:SW, PMID:21390683] DNA dot blot assay evidence ; ECO:0005522 def: "A type of DNA detection assay evidence resulting from evaluation of the relative abundance of target sequences hybridizing to DNA samples that are immobilized on a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane." [PMID:18265189] DNA dot blot assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005523 def: "A type of DNA dot blot assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN, ECO:SW] DNA microarray evidence ; ECO:0005524 def: "A type of DNA detection assay evidence where complimentary ssDNA is attached to a solid glass, silicon, or plastic surface and is hybridized with a labeled sample of extracted mRNA or amplified cDNA and stimulated with a laser for fluorescence detected with a scanner." [ECO:SW, PMID:17660860] DNA microarray evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005525 def: "A type of DNA microarray evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN, ECO:SW] matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry evidence ; ECO:0005526 def: "A type of protein detection assay evidence where soft ionization is used for the analysis of biomolecules for mass determination in a three step process of plate preparation, radiation, and ionization with high throughput technology." [ECO:SW, PMID:21964792, PMID:25354905] matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005527 def: "A type of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN, ECO:SW] site-directed mutagenesis evidence ; ECO:0005528 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence based on target-specified mutagenesis for the characterization of various gene and protein interactions, structures, and functions where oligonucleotide primers are used to alter a nucleotide sequence." [ECO:SW, PMID:21204030, PMID:24011050, PMID:3541892] random mutagenesis evidence ; ECO:0005529 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence where radiation or a DNA-damaging agent in vivo, or PCR with degenerate primers in vitro are used for non-targeted mutagenesis." [ECO:SW, PMID:15153637, PMID:18265275] random mutagenesis evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005530 def: "A type of random mutagenesis evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [] motif discovery evidence ; ECO:0005531 def: "A type of multiple sequence alignment evidence based on a set of algorithms that infer over-represented motifs from a set of biological sequences returning one or more local multiple sequence alignment defining the inferred motifs." [ECO:SW, PMID:10812473, PMID:16845028, PMID:8211139] consensus search evidence ; ECO:0005532 def: "A type of motif similarity evidence where the motif is represented by a consensus sequence which incorporates the most frequent nucleotide at each position acting as a generic representative for the sequences in the alignment, and is compared to the genetic sequence for a perfect or imperfect match." [ECO:SW, PMID:15130839] phylogenetic footprinting evidence ; ECO:0005533 def: "A type of motif discovery evidence based on a set of algorithms that infer motifs in non-coding DNA sequences from the conservation of functional regulatory sites through evolution at a higher rate than their local surroundings for the identification of an evolutionary 'footprint'." [ECO:SW, PMID:16477324, PMID:3199442] comparative genomics motif search evidence ; ECO:0005534 def: "A type of motif similarity evidence based on comparative genomics which uses a search method to scan a set of genomes for instances of a specific motif, and then applies a comparative criterion to analyze the collective strength of these predictions, based on the assumption that functional instances of the motif will be preserved by natural selection and their prediction will therefore be consistent across genomes." [ECO:SW, PMID:10854408] machine learning prediction of motif instance evidence ; ECO:0005535 def: "A type of match to sequence model evidence which captures the application of a broad suite of supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms trained on known motif instances and applied to the prediction of novel putative instances of a motif in a set of biological sequences." [ECO:SW, PMID:17117497, PMID:2014171] position-specific scoring matrix motif search evidence ; ECO:0005536 def: "A type of motif similarity evidence where the motif is represented by a position-specific frequency matrix (PSFM) that specifies the frequency of each base at each position of the motif, from which a position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) can be derived under the framework of a log-likelihood ratio providing a scoring system based on the likelihood of a sequence given the motif, versus a genomic-frequency based null hypothesis." [ECO:SW, PMID:10812473] xylE reporter gene assay evidence ; ECO:0005537 def: "A type of reporter gene assay evidence based on the fusion of the xylE gene to a specific promoter for the expression of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase that converts the colorless catechol substrate to yellow 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde for identification of the expression of a particular gene." [ECO:SW, PMID:2592344] computationally derived logical inference ; ECO:0005538 is_obsolete: true computationally derived logical inference used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005539 is_obsolete: true computationally derived logical inference from automatic assertion used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005540 is_obsolete: true computationally derived logical inference from manual assertion used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005541 is_obsolete: true biological system reconstruction evidence by experimental evidence from single species used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005542 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction evidence by experimental evidence from single species that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN, PMID:19450514] biological system reconstruction evidence by experimental evidence from mixed species used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005543 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction evidence by experimental evidence from mixed species that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN, PMID:22232657] biological system reconstruction evidence based on orthology evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005544 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction evidence based on orthology evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] biological system reconstruction evidence based on orthology evidence ; ECO:0005545 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction evidence based on homology evidence where the evidence is inferred by orthology from an existing experimentally supported model to a process, pathway or complex in another species." [ECO:SN, PMID:15660128] biological system reconstruction evidence based on paralogy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005546 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction evidence based on paralogy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN, PMID:15660128] biological system reconstruction evidence based on inference from background scientific knowledge used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005547 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction evidence based on inference from background scientific knowledge that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN, PMID:17876790] biological system reconstruction evidence based on inference from background scientific knowledge ; ECO:0005548 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction based solely on background scientific knowledge of that biological system." [ECO:SN, PMID:17876790] biological system reconstruction evidence based on homology evidence ; ECO:0005549 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction where the evidence is inferred by homology based on conservation of sequence, function, and composition from an existing experimentally supported model to a process, pathway, or complex." [ECO:SN, PMID:15660128] biological system reconstruction evidence based on paralogy evidence ; ECO:0005550 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction evidence based on homology evidence where the evidence is inferred by paralogy from an existing experimentally supported model to a process, pathway, or complex in the same species." [ECO:SN, PMID:15660128] biological system reconstruction evidence by experimental evidence ; ECO:0005551 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction evidence that uses experimental evidence as support." [ECO:SN, PMID:19450514, PMID:22232657] biological system reconstruction evidence by experimental evidence from mixed species ; ECO:0005552 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction evidence where the experimental evidence is derived by using a mix of species used in the same experiment." [ECO:SN, PMID:22232657] biological system reconstruction evidence by experimental evidence from single species ; ECO:0005553 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction where the experimental evidence is derived by using multiple experiments in a single species." [ECO:SN] pairwise sequence alignment evidence ; ECO:0005554 def: "A type of sequence alignment evidence where two sequences are aligned to identify regions of similarity that may indicate functional, structural and/or evolutionary relationships between two biological sequences (protein or nucleic acid)." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/psa/] multiple sequence alignment evidence ; ECO:0005555 def: "A type of sequence alignment evidence where three or more biological sequences (protein or nucleic acid) of similar length are aligned to infer homology and the evolutionary relationships between the sequences studied." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/] multiple sequence alignment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005556 def: "A type of multiple sequence alignment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] multiple sequence alignment evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005557 def: "A type of multiple sequence alignment evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] motif discovery evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005558 def: "A type of motif discovery evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] motif discovery evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005559 def: "A type of motif discovery evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] pairwise sequence alignment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005560 def: "A type of pairwise sequence alignment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] pairwise sequence alignment evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005561 def: "A type of pairwise sequence alignment evidence that is used in an automatic evidence." [ECO:SN] in gel protein kinase assay evidence ; ECO:0005562 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence resulting from the evaluation of the phosphorylation activity of kinase on a gel-incorporated substrate." [PMID:12372853] macroscopic current trace evidence ; ECO:0005563 def: "A type of voltage clamp recording evidence that involves recording trace of the current (pA) going through the analyzed ion channels determined from voltage clamp current recording." [ECO:SN, PMID:17938230, url:http\://www.utdallas.edu/~tres/microelectrode/microelectrodes_ch03.pdf] current density evidence ; ECO:0005564 def: "A type of electrophysiology assay evidence that involves measuring the amount of current (pA) going through the ion channels per unit of membrane." [ECO:SN, url:http\://circres.ahajournals.org/content/102/11/1298.full, url:http\://www.bem.fi/book/04/04.htm] single channel conductance evidence ; ECO:0005565 is_obsolete: true sustained current evidence ; ECO:0005566 def: "A type of electrophysiology assay evidence that involves the measurement of the current that persists after the fast and slow inactivation of the analyzed channels." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v3/n2/full/ncomms1717.html] steady state activation curve evidence ; ECO:0005567 is_obsolete: true steady state inactivation curve evidence ; ECO:0005568 is_obsolete: true window current trace evidence ; ECO:0005569 is_obsolete: true use dependence of inactivation evidence ; ECO:0005570 def: "A type of electrophysiology assay evidence in which the amount of current remaining after a series of depolarization at different frequencies described as the normalized current related to the time course." [ECO:SN, url:http\://circres.ahajournals.org/content/89/8/700.full] current clamp recording evidence ; ECO:0005571 def: "A type of electrophysiology assay evidence that involves recording the change in membrane potential caused by applying specific current to the cell." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v4/n8/full/nprot.2009.91.html] whole-cell voltage clamp recording evidence ; ECO:0005572 def: "A type of voltage clamp recording evidence that involves direct measurement of ionic current across a membrane while controlling the membrane potential by maintaining the voltage." [ECO:SN, url:http\://circres.ahajournals.org/content/72/1/91.full.pdf] cell-attached single-channel recording evidence ; ECO:0005573 def: "A type of patch-clamp recording evidence that involves isolation of a patch of membrane electrically from the external solution and to record current flowing into the patch and this is achieved by pressing a fire-polished glass pipette, which has been filled with a suitable electrolyte solution, against the surface of a cell and applying light suction." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.utdallas.edu/~tres/microelectrode/microelectrodes_ch04.pdf] cell-detached inside-out single-channel recording evidence ; ECO:0005574 def: "A type of patch-clamp recording evidence that involves study of individual ion channels by gently pulling the patch of membrane away from the cell, and the patch remains attached to the pipette with its cytoplasmic surface exposed to the bathing solution." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.acnp.org/g4/GN401000005/CH005.html] reconstituted bilayer single-channel patch recording evidence ; ECO:0005575 def: "A type of patch-clamp reocrding evidence that involves ion channel analysis by incorporating the ion channels into liposomes suitable for patch-clamping which allows isolation and study of a specific population of channels into that bilayer membrane." [ECO:SN, url:http\://nanion.de/images/stories/papers/Bilayers_lab-on-a-chip08.pdf] voltage clamp recording evidence ; ECO:0005576 def: "A type of electrophysiology assay evidence that involves recording membrane potential by controlling the membrane voltage and measuring the transmembrane current required to maintain that voltage." [ECO:SN, url:http\://neurobio.drexelmed.edu/GaoWeb/Resources/Recording%20_Techniques.pdf, url:http\://www.acnp.org/g4/GN401000005/CH005.html] electroencephalography recording evidence ; ECO:0005577 def: "A type of electrophysiology assay evidence that involves recording the electrical activity of the brain by means of electrodes placed on the surface of the head." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.jove.com/science-education/5420/electro-encephalography-eeg] super-resolution microscopy evidence ; ECO:0005578 def: "A type of microscopy evidence where the images are taken with a higher resolution than the diffraction limit that help in studying nanoscopic sub-cellular structures." [ECO:SN, url:http\://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2015.00007/full] immunogold labelling evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005579 def: "A type of immunogold labelling evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] flow cytometry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005580 def: "A type of flow cytometry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005581 def: "A type of enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] cell-detached outside-out single-channel recording evidence ; ECO:0005582 def: "A type of patch-clamp recording evidence where a part of cellular membrane is detached from the cell and whose external face is exposed to the extracellular medium which allows isolating and studying a single or at least a small number of channels into that fragment (patch)." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v2/n11/full/nprot.2007.403.html] cut-open oocyte voltage clamp recording evidence ; ECO:0005583 def: "A type of voltage clamp recording evidence that involves inserting the oocyte in a chamber that separates the surface into 3 regions where the top portion of the oocyte membrane is the region that is clamped from which currents are actually recorded while the bottom portion is the region of the oocyte that is cut-open, making it possible to inject current intracellularly through a low resistance pathway." [ECO:SN, PMID:9711615] macropatch voltage clamp recording evidence ; ECO:0005584 def: "A type of voltage clamp recording evidence where recording is done on a fragment of the cell membrane (attached to or detached from the cell) using a large tip diameter pipette that allows isolating and studying a small number of channels into that fragment (patch)." [ECO:SN, url:http\://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/50/Special_Issue/1037.full.pdf] high throughput mass spectrometry evidence ; ECO:0005585 def: "A type of mass spectrometry evidence where mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of gas-phase ions is measured which is used to identify and quantify molecules in complex solutions within the framework of high throughput studies." [ECO:SN, PMID:20805795] high throughput mass spectrometry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005586 def: "A type of high throughput mass spectrometry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] confocal microscopy evidence ; ECO:0005587 def: "A type of microscopy evidence where sharp images are taken by excluding most of the light from the specimen that is not from the microscope's focal plane, thus allowing better contrast and less haze, which makes it possible to build three-dimensional reconstructions of a volume of the specimen by assembling a series of thin slices taken along the vertical axis." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.physics.emory.edu/faculty/weeks//lab/papers/ebbe05.pdf] wide-field microscopy evidence ; ECO:0005588 def: "A type of microscopy evidence where imaging of a thin cell or a tissue specimen is performed by full aperture emission of light gathered by the microscope's objective, which maximizes the recorded signal and simultaneously minimizes the required exposure times." [ECO:SN, url:http\://jcb.rupress.org/content/172/1/9.full, url:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3048960/, url:http\://zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu/articles/livecellimaging/techniques.html] confocal microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005589 def: "A type confocal microscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] wide-field microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005590 def: "A type of wide-field microscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] immunogold labelling electron microscopy assay evidence ; ECO:0005591 def: "A type of immunogold labelling evidence where electron microscopy technique is used to detect the location of the antibodies labeled with colloidal gold particles." [ECO:SN, PMID:4110101] immunogold labelling electron microscopy assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005592 def: "A type of immunogold labelling electron microscopy assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] immunodetection assay evidence ; ECO:0005593 def: "A type of direct assay evidence that involves the use of antibodies to detect biomolecules." [ECO:SN] immunoperoxidase immunolocalization evidence ; ECO:0005594 def: "A type of immunolocalization evidence involving enzymatic detection of a peroxidase tagged antibody." [ECO:SN] immunoperoxidase immunolocalization evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005595 def: "A type of immunoperoxidase immunolocalization evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] immunoperoxidase immunolocalization electron microscopy evidence ; ECO:0005596 def: "A type of immunoperoxidase immunolocalization evidence where electron microscopy technique is used for enzymatic detection of a peroxidase tagged antibody." [ECO:SN] immunoperoxidase immunolocalization electron microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005597 def: "A type of immunoperoxidase immunolocalization electron microscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] wide-field fluorescence microscopy evidence ; ECO:0005598 def: "A type of wide-field microscopy evidence where pure white and ultraviolet light are produced by a mercury lamp, passed through an optical filter (excitation filter), and directed to a sample via a dichroic mirror, followed by detection of the fluorescent light by a camera after it passes through an emission filter." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.bristol.ac.uk/synaptic/research/techniques/widefield.html] immunofluorescence wide-field microscopy evidence ; ECO:0005599 def: "A type of wide-field fluorescence microscopy evidence where fluorescently tagged antibodies are imaged that are used to bind to their antigens." [ECO:SN, url:http\://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0057135] immunofluorescence confocal microscopy evidence ; ECO:0005600 def: "A type of confocal microscopy evidence where light passes through immunofluorescent-stained tissue sections or cells and then the emitted light passes through the dichroic mirror and is focused onto the pinhole for subsequent detection." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.physics.emory.edu/faculty/weeks/confocal/, url:https\://www.hycultbiotech.com/media/wysiwyg/protocol_Immunofluorescence.pdf] immunofluorescence confocal microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005601 def: "A type of immunofluorescence confocal microscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] protein expression level evidence based on western blot ; ECO:0005602 def: "A type of protein expression level evidence where the level of expression of a protein is determined in a cell or tissue extract by western blot technique." [ECO:SN] protein mass spectrometry evidence ; ECO:0005603 def: "A type of mass spectrometry evidence where one or more protein analyses are performed." [ECO:SN] cross-streak test evidence ; ECO:0005604 def: "A type of experimental evidence where the investigated organism or a potential antagonist is inoculated so as to grow along the diameter line of the agar medium in a Petri dish, then, potentially susceptible microbes (usually bacteria) are streaked perpendicularly to the growth line and inhibition of growth of a test microbe in the vicinity of that line suggests that the antagonist secretes one or more diffusible antibiotics." [ECO:SN, url:www.jstor.org/stable/3792785] disk diffusion test evidence ; ECO:0005605 def: "A type of experimental evidence where sensitivity/resistance to an antimicrobial agent is tested by impregnating small filter disks with a known concentration of antimicrobial agent which is then placed on a Mueller-Hinton agar plate inoculated with the test organism." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.cdc.gov/nczved/resources/cholera/ch9.pdf] cell transfection experiment evidence ; ECO:0005606 def: "A type of experimental evidence where a foreign genetic material is introduced into the cell for study of gene function and regulation and protein function." [ECO:SN, url:http\://ch.promega.com/resources/product-guides-and-selectors/protocols-and-applications-guide/transfection/, url:http\://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2911531/] tethered cell assay evidence ; ECO:0005607 def: "A type of chemotaxis assay evidence where the presence or absence of positive or negative chemotaxis in swimming organisms is determined by observing the rotational behavior of the organism tethered to a coverslip by their flagella." [ECO:SN, PMID:1103143] tumble frequency assay evidence ; ECO:0005608 def: "A type of chemotaxis assay evidence where the presence or absence of positive or negative chemotaxis in swimming organisms is determined by measuring chemotaxis in response to sudden concentration changes from one uniform spatial environment to another." [ECO:SN, PMID:4576832] capillary assay evidence ; ECO:0005609 def: "A type of chemotaxis assay evidence where the presence or absence of positive or negative chemotaxis in swimming organisms is determined (typically bacteria or archaea) by measuring the rate of accumulation of the organism into a capillary." [ECO:SN, PMID:4632978] biological system reconstruction evidence based on homology evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005610 def: "A type of biological system reconstruction evidence based on homology evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] inference from experimental data evidence ; ECO:0005611 def: "A type of direct assay evidence used in manual assertion where phenotype or disease association is made with the gene because of involvement in the molecular mechanism of disease or involvement in a pathway known to contribute to a disease." [ECO:SN] inference from phenotype manipulation evidence ; ECO:0005612 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion where variations or changes, such as mutations or abnormal levels of the product(s) of a single gene of interest, including non-mutational changes such as inhibition with antibodies or other inhibitors are determined." [ECO:SN] inference by association of genotype from phenotype ; ECO:0005613 def: "A type of natural variation mutant evidence used in manual assertion where alleles are directly linked to phenotype and Mendelian diseases as a result of various experiments." [ECO:SN] two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005614 def: "A type of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005615 def: "A type of alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005616 def: "A type of beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005617 def: "A type of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005618 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] chromatin immunoprecipitation- exonuclease evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005619 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation- exonuclease evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005620 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005621 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] comparative genomics motif search evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005622 def: "A type of comparative genomics motif search evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] comparative genomics motif search evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005623 def: "A type of comparative genomics motif search evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] consensus search evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005624 def: "A type of consensus search evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] consensus search evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005625 def: "A type of consensus search evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] copper-phenanthroline footprinting evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005626 def: "A type of copper-phenanthroline footprinting evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] DNA adenine methyltransferase identification evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005627 def: "A type of DNA adenine methyltransferase identification evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] DNA adenine methyltransferase identification evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005628 def: "A type of DNA adenine methyltransferase identification evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] DNA affinity chromatography evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005629 def: "A type of DNA affinity chromatography evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] DNA microarray evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005630 def: "A type of DNA microarray evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] DNAse footprinting evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005631 def: "A type of DNAse footprinting evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] fluorescence anisotropy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005632 def: "A type of fluorescence anisotropy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] ferric uptake regulator titration assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005633 def: "A type of ferric uptake regulator titration assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential amplification evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005634 def: "A type of genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential amplification evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential amplification evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005635 def: "A type of genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential amplification evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] green fluorescent protein reporter gene assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005636 def: "A type of green fluorescent protein reporter gene assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] green fluorescent protein reporter gene assay evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005637 def: "A type of green fluorescent protein reporter gene assay evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] cell growth assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005638 def: "A type of cell growth assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] cell growth assay evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005639 def: "A type of cell growth assay evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005640 def: "A type of glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] beta-glucuronidase reporter gene assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005641 def: "A type of beta-glucuronidase reporter gene assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005642 def: "A type of heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] hydroxyl-radical footprinting evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005643 def: "A type of hydroxyl-radical footprinting evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] immunoprecipitation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005644 def: "A type of immunoprecipitation evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] interferometric reflectance imaging sensor evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005645 def: "A type of interferometric reflectance imaging sensor evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] interferometric reflectance imaging sensor evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005646 def: "A type of interferometric reflectance imaging sensor evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] isothermal titration calorimetry evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005647 def: "A type of isothermal titration calorimetry evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] luciferase reporter gene assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005648 def: "A type of luciferase reporter gene assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] machine learning prediction of motif instance evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005649 def: "A type of machine learning prediction of motif instance evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] machine learning prediction of motif instance evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005650 def: "A type of machine learning prediction of motif instance evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005651 def: "A type of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] methidiumpropyl-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron (II) footprinting evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005652 def: "A type of methidiumpropyl-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron (II) footprinting evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] northern assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005653 def: "A type of northern assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] phylogenetic footprinting evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005654 def: "A type of phylogenetic footprinting evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] phylogenetic footprinting evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005655 def: "A type of phylogenetic footprinting evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] premethylation interference footprinting evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005656 def: "A type of premethylation interference footprinting evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] primer extension assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005657 def: "A type of primer extension assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] position-specific scoring matrix motif search evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005658 def: "A type of position-specific scoring matrix motif search evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] position-specific scoring matrix motif search evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005659 def: "A type of position-specific scoring matrix motif search evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] quantitative polymerase chain reaction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005660 def: "A type of quantitative polymerase chain reaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005661 def: "A type of rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] regular expression motif search evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005662 def: "A type of regular expression motif search evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] regular expression motif search evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005663 def: "A type of regular expression motif search evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] RNA sequencing assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005664 def: "A type of RNA sequencing assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] is_obsolete: true RNA sequencing assay evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005665 def: "A type of RNA sequencing assay evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] is_obsolete: true S1 nuclease protection assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005666 def: "A type of S1 nuclease protection assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] site-directed mutagenesis evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005667 def: "A type of site-directed mutagenesis evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] survival rate analysis evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005668 def: "A type of survival rate analysis evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] ultraviolet light footprinting evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005669 def: "A type of ultraviolet light footprinting evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] x-ray crystallography evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005670 def: "A type of x-ray crystallography evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] x-ray crystallography evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0005671 def: "A type of x-ray crystallography evidence that is used in an automatic assertion." [ECO:SN] xylE reporter gene assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005672 def: "A type of xylE reporter gene assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] ad-hoc qualitative phenotype observation evidence ; ECO:0005673 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence where a non-standard trait (e.g. natural competence) is assessed qualitatively (e.g. presence/absence) and used as a natural reporter to conclude that some genes or pathways are regulated by the transcription factor." [ECO:SN, PMID:15150239] ad-hoc qualitative phenotype observation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005674 def: "A type of ad-hoc qualitative phenotype observation that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] ad-hoc quantitative phenotype observation evidence ; ECO:0005675 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence where a quantifiable phenotypic trait (e.g. glucose intake) is assessed in a quantitative manner after induction of the regulatory mechanism and used as a natural reporter to conclude that some genes or pathways are regulated by the transcription factor." [ECO:SN, PMID:15150239] ad-hoc quantitative phenotype observation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005676 def: "A type of ad-hoc quantitative phenotype observation evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] dilution assay evidence ; ECO:0005800 def: "A direct assay evidence where the activity of a solution is determined by exposing an indicator culture or organism to a series of dilutions and determining the lowest concentration that elicits a biological response." [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016770129400068I] enzyme assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005801 def: "A type of enzyme assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] cell transfection experiment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005802 def: "A type of cell transfection experiment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] motility assay evidence ; ECO:0005803 def: "A type of direct assay evidence where the motility of a cell or cells is determined." [ECO:SN] immunofluorescence evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005804 def: "A type of immunofluorescence evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] yeast 2-hybrid evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0005805 def: "A type of yeast 2-hybrid evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:SN] Cya fusion reporter assay evidence ; ECO:0006001 def: "A type of evidence derived from exploiting the CyaA (calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase toxin) secreted by Bordatella pertussis to synthesize cAMP and alter cellular physiology in a host cell for various biological applications." [PMID:10217833, PMID:14702323] Cya fusion reporter assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006002 def: "A type of Cya fusion reporter assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] electron microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006003 def: "A type of electron microscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] super-resolution microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006004 def: "A type of super-resolution microscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] fractionation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006005 def: "A type of fractionation evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] electrophysiology assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006006 def: "A type of electrophysiology assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [] {comment="ECO:RCT"} chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006007 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] chromatin immunoprecipitation- exonuclease evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006008 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation- exonuclease evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006009 def: "A type of chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] mRNA interactome capture evidence ; ECO:0006010 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence in which RNA-binding proteins are identified through cross-linking RNA and proteins by UV light, capturing RNA-protein complexes on oligo(dT) beads, and finally identifying by mass spectrometry." [PMID:27729395] mRNA interactome capture evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006011 def: "A type of mRNA interactome capture evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] patch-clamp recording evidence ; ECO:0006012 def: "A type of electrophysiology assay evidence in which a glass micropipette is sealed to the surface of a cell membrane (patch) to study ion channels." [ECO:RCT] patch-clamp recording evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006013 def: "A type of patch-clamp recording evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] whole-cell patch-clamp recording evidence ; ECO:0006014 def: "A type of patch-clamp recording evidence in which a glass micropipette filled with a prepared solution is used to form a seal with the cell membrane followed by rupture of membrane to provide accurate and high resolution electrical property measurements of the whole cell." [PMID:27341060] whole-cell patch-clamp recording evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006015 def: "A type of whole-cell patch-clamp recording evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] traceable author statement from published clinical study ; ECO:0006016 def: "A type of traceable author statement that is based on a publication about a clinical study." [] traceable author statement from published clinical study used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006017 def: "A type of traceable author statement from published clinical study that is used in a manual assertion." [] inference based on individual clinical experience ; ECO:0006018 def: "A type of curator inference that is based on the individual clinical experience of a clinician" [] inference based on individual clinical experience used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006019 def: "A type of inference based on individual clinical experience that is used in a manual assertion." [] biofilm formation assay evidence ; ECO:0006020 def: "A type of in vitro culture assay evidence in which biofilm growth is monitored and detected from attachment to development." [PMID:10547784] biofilm formation assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006021 def: "A type of biofilm formation assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] microtiter plate biofilm assay evidence ; ECO:0006022 def: "A type of biofilm formation assay evidence in which microtiter dishes or tubes are inoculated and incubated to promote biofilm formation, and then biofilms are detected by staining with crystal violet or safranin to observe phenotypes." [PMID:10547784] microtiter plate biofilm assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006023 def: "A type of microtiter plate biofilm assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] air-liquid interface assay evidence ; ECO:0006024 def: "A type of biofilm formation assay evidence in which biofilm formation is analyzed, without staining, over 4 to 48 hours by growth on a tilted multiwell plate." [PMID:18770545] air-liquid interface assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006025 def: "A type of air-liquid interface assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] colony biofilm assay evidence ; ECO:0006026 def: "A type of biofilm formation assay evidence in which a colony is grown on a semipermeable membrane on an agar plate to continously supply nutrients by relocating to fresh plates." [PMID:18770545] colony biofilm assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006027 def: "A type of colony biofilm assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] Kadouri drip-fed biofilm assay evidence ; ECO:0006028 def: "A type of biofilm formation assay evidence in which mature bacterial biofilms are grown in a multiwell plate that has a growth medium continually pumped through the wells while waste is continually pumped out." [PMID:18770545] Kadouri drip-fed biofilm assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006029 def: "A type of Kadouri drip-fed biofilm assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] co-immunoprecipitation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006030 def: "A type of co-immunoprecipitation evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] immunolocalization evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006031 def: "A type of immunolocalization evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] optogenetic evidence ; ECO:0006032 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence arising from experiment in which neuronal activity is manipulated using genetically encoded, optically activated neuronal actuators." [GOC:DOS, PMID:17035522] optogenetic evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006033 def: "A type of optogenetic evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] fluorescent sensor evidence ; ECO:0006034 def: "A type of fluorescence evidence that is based on direct, quantitative measurement of some cellular property using a fluorescent sensor." [GOC:DOS] fluorescent sensor evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006035 def: "A type of fluorescent sensor evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] genetically encoded fluorescent sensor evidence ; ECO:0006036 def: "A type of fluorescent sensor evidence that is based on direct, quantitative measurement of some cellular property using a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor." [GOC:DOS] genetically encoded fluorescent sensor evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006037 def: "A type of genetically encoded fluorescent sensor evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] genetically encoded fluorescent electrophysiology assay evidence ; ECO:0006038 def: "A type of fluorescent sensor evidence and electrophysiology assay evidence where the electrical properties of cells or tissues are studied using fluorescent sensors." [GOC:DOS] genetically encoded fluorescent electrophysiology assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006039 def: "A type of genetically encoded fluorescent electrophysiology assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] genetically encoded fluorescent ion concentration sensor assay evidence ; ECO:0006040 def: "A type of genetically encoded fluorescent electrophysiology assay evidence that is based on direct, quantitative measurement of ion concentration using a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor." [GOC:DOS] genetically encoded fluorescent ion concentration sensor assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006041 def: "A type of genetically encoded fluorescent ion concentration sensor assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] cell fractionation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006042 def: "A type of cell fractionation evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] extracellular recording evidence ; ECO:0006043 def: "A type of electrophysiology assay evidence resulting from the use of electrodes to measure in vivo electrical activity coming from adjacent neurons." [url:http\://www.nature.com/subjects/extracellular-recording] extracellular recording evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006044 def: "A type of extracellular recording evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] single-unit extracellular recording evidence ; ECO:0006045 def: "A type of extracellular recording evidence in which an extracellular microelectrode is used to measure the electrical activity of a single neuron." [doi:10.1385/0-89603-185-3\:1] single-unit extracellular recording evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006046 def: "A type of single-unit extracellular recording evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] field potential recording evidence ; ECO:0006047 def: "A type of extracellular recording evidence in which electrical activity is measured in either tissue or at a cellular level with microelectrodes." [ECO:RCT] field potential recording evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006048 def: "A type of field potential recording evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] genetic transformation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006049 def: "A type of genetic transformation evidence that is used in a manual assertion" [ECO:RCT] anti-sense experiment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006050 def: "A type of anti-sense experiment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] morpholino experiment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006051 def: "A type of morpholino experiment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] RNAi evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006052 def: "A type of RNAi evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] pharmacological assay evidence ; ECO:0006053 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence that arises from assaying the response of a cell, tissue, organ or organism following exposure to a receptor agonist or antagonist." [GOC:DOS] pharmacological assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006054 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence used in a manual assertion that arises from assaying the response of a cell, tissue, organ or organism following exposure to a receptor agonist or antagonist." [GOC:DOS] high throughput evidence ; ECO:0006055 def: "A type of evidence where data generation is automated with equipment to allow for assaying samples or molecules in parallel." [ECO:MCC] high throughput evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006056 def: "A type of evidence that is used in a manual assertion where data generation is automated with equipment to allow for assaying large numbers of samples or molecules in parallel." [ECO:RCT] high throughput evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0006057 def: "A type of evidence that is used in an automatic assertion where data generation is automated with equipment to allow for assaying samples or molecules in parallel." [ECO:RCT] high throughput cell biology evidence ; ECO:0006058 def: "A type of high throughput evidence where a classical cell biology technique is automated with equipment to allow for assaying biomolecules in parallel." [ECO:MCC] high throughput cell biology evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006059 def: "A type of high throughput evidence used in a manual assertion where a classical cell biology technique is automated with equipment to allow for assaying biomolecules in parallel." [ECO:RCT] high throughput cell biology evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0006060 def: "A type of high throughput evidence used in an automatic assertion where a classical cell biology technique is automated with equipment to allow for assaying biomolecules in parallel." [ECO:RCT] immunofluorescence wide-field microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006061 def: "A type of wide-field fluorescence microscopy evidence used in a manual assertion where fluorescently tagged antibodies are imaged that are used to bind to their antigens." [ECO:SN, url:http\://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0057135] wide-field fluorescence microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006062 def: "A type of wide-field microscopy evidence that is used in a manual assertion where pure white and ultraviolet light are produced by a mercury lamp, passed through an optical filter (excitation filter), and directed to a sample via a dichroic mirror, followed by detection of the fluorescent light by a camera after it passes through an emission filter." [ECO:SN, url:http\://www.bristol.ac.uk/synaptic/research/techniques/widefield.html] over expression analysis evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006063 def: "A type of experimental phenotypic evidence that is used in a manual assertion where a gene and/or gene product is investigated in a transgenic organism that has been engineered to overexpress that gene product." [PMID:22419077] cell-free assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006064 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion where components are derived from resting, nonstimulated cells, therefore all reactions occur in vitro." [PMID:18453125] in vitro cell based assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006065 def: "A type of in vitro assay evidence that is used in a manual assertion where live cells are used." [ECO:RCT] fluorescence recovery after photobleaching evidence ; ECO:0006066 def: "A type of fluorescence evidence where quantitative information on the diffusion properties of a sample is produced from the measurement of diffusion of fluorescent probes over time into an area that has been photobleached by a high-intensity laser pulse." [PMID:26314367] fluorescence recovery after photobleaching evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006067 def: "A type of fluorescence evidence that is used in a manual assertion where quantitative information on the diffusion properties of a sample is produced from the measurement of diffusion of fluorescent probes over time into an area that has been photobleached by a high-intensity laser pulse." [] RNA-seq evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006068 def: "A type of high throughput nucleotide sequencing assay evidence used in a manual assertion based on high-throughput (HT) sequencing of fragmented cDNA molecules." [ECO:MCC] RNA-seq evidence used in automatic assertion ; ECO:0006069 def: "A type of high throughput nucleotide sequencing assay evidence used in an automatic assertion based on high-throughput (HT) sequencing of fragmented cDNA molecules." [ECO:MCC] immuno-labelling electron microscopy evidence ; ECO:0006070 def: "A type of electron microscopy evidence resulting from the use of antibodies to identify the localization of antigens in cells and tissues." [PMID:25151300] immuno-labelling electron microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006071 def: "A type of electron microscopy evidence used in a manual assertion resulting from the use of antibodies to identify the localization of antigens in cells and tissues." [PMID:25151300] immunofluorescence super resolution microscopy evidence ; ECO:0006072 def: "A type of super-resolution microscopy evidence resulting from the use of fluorescently-tagged antibodies to identify the localization of antigens in cells and tissue." [PMID:19245833] immunofluorescence super resolution microscopy evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006073 def: "A type of super-resolution microscopy evidence used in a manual assertion resulting from the use of fluorescently-tagged antibodies to identify the localization of antigens in cells and tissue." [PMID:19245833] co-purification evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006074 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence that is used in manual assertion where a cellular component subunit is isolated as part of purification of its larger complex." [TAIR:TED] affinity evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006075 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence that is used in manual assertion that depends on the strength of the interaction between two entities." [ECO:MCC] protein binding evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006076 def: "A type of affinity evidence that is used in manual assertion resulting from the binding of a molecule to a protein or protein complex." [GO:0005515] hybrid interaction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006077 def: "A type of affinity evidence that is used in manual assertion where proteins of interest (bait and prey) are covalently linked to incomplete fragments of a third protein (reporter) and expressed in vivo, at which time interaction between bait and prey proteins brings reporter fragments in close enough proximity to allow them to reform and become a functional reporter protein." [ECO:MCC] immunological assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006078 def: "A type of affinity evidence that is used in manual assertion resulting from quantitation of the analyte which depends on the reaction of an antigen (analyte) and an antibody." [ERO:0001362] yeast one-hybrid evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006079 def: "A type of hybrid interaction evidence that is used in manual assertion that is based on a protein-DNA complementation assay where a single promoter acts as bait and is screened against a library of prey transcription factors." [ECO:MCC] split-ubiquitin assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006080 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion that is based on detection of protein-protein interaction between a bait and prey protein by in vivo reconstitution of split-ubiquitin (when bait and prey interact) and release of a reporter protein." [PMID:15064465] far-Western blotting evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006081 def: "A type of physical interaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion that is based on detection of protein-protein interactions by separation of target proteins by SDS-PAGE which are blotted to a membrane, followed by denaturation and renaturation, probing with purified bait proteins, and detection of the target-bait complexes." [PMID:18079728] affinity chromatography evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006082 def: "A type of affinity evidence that is used in a manual assertion that results from separation of biochemical mixtures by selective binding of a compound to an immobilized compound on a polymeric matrix, subsequent removal of unattached components, and then displacement of the bond compound." [ECO:MCC] nucleic acid binding evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006083 def: "A type of affinity evidence that is used in a manual assertion resulting from the binding of a molecule to a nucleic acid." [GO:0003676] ribohomopolymer binding assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006084 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence that is used in a manual assertion resulting from an enzyme displaying binding activity to specific ribohomopolymer." [PMC:102612] protein:ion binding evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006085 def: "A type of protein binding evidence that is used in a manual assertion resulting from a metal ion binding to a protein at a specific binding site." [PMID:2377604] Southwestern blot evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006086 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence that is used in a manual assertion in which DNA-protein binding is detected using labeled DNA as probes, hybridized to electrophoretically separated proteins." [ECO:RCT] Northwestern blot evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006087 def: "A type of nucleic acid binding evidence that is used in a manual assertion in which RNA-protein binding is detected using labeled RNA as probes, hybridized to electrophoretically separated proteins." [ECO:RCT] systematic evolution of ligands by exponential amplification evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006088 def: "A type of evidence that is used in a manual assertion arising from a physical interaction analysis where a combinatorial chemistry technique is used to identify oligonucleotides that bind to a target ligand." [ECO:MCC] bacterial one-hybrid evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006089 def: "A type of hybrid interaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion that uses bacterial transformation with two plasmids to assess in vivo binding of a DNA-binding domain (bait) and DNA target site (prey)." [ECO:MCC] protein-binding microarray evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006090 def: "A type of oligonucleotide microarray evidence that is used in a manual assertion that detects binding of a tagged protein to an array of oligonucleotide probes representing potential binding sites." [PMID:22146299] functional complementation evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006091 def: "A type of genetic interaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion where a wild-type copy of the gene in question is inserted into a mutant cell to see if it restores the wild-type phenotype in the mutant background." [PMID:27403640] transgenic rescue experiment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006092 def: "A type of functional complementation evidence that is used in a manual assertion that is used in manual assertion resulting from the introduction of a transgene to prevent, or \"rescue\" an organism from a condition." [url:http\://www.nature.com/gt/journal/v11/n15/full/3302282a.html] transient rescue experiment evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006093 def: "A type of transient rescue experiment evidence that is used in a manual assertion." [ECO:RCT] suppressor/enhancer interaction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006094 def: "A type of genetic interaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion resulting from a second mutation that either suppresses or enhances the phenotype expressed from an original mutation." [url:http\://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www\:geneticsuppression/geneticsuppression.html] double mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006095 def: "A type of genetic interaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion that is based on the phenotypic outcome of two mutations in unrelated genetic loci." [ECO:RCT] epistatic interaction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006096 def: "A type of genetic interaction evidence that is used in a manual assertion that is based on the suppression of one allelic effect by an allele at another genetic locus." [PMID:18852697] functional complementation in heterologous system evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006097 def: "A type of functional complementation evidence that is used in a manual assertion that is based on the insertion of a wild-type copy of a gene into a heterologous organism, with the mutation occurring in a homologous gene." [TAIR:TED] temperature-sensitive mutant phenotype evidence ; ECO:0006098 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence based on the analysis of a mutation that allows normal function of the organism at low temperatures, but altered function at higher temperatures." [GOC:PG, PMID:19596904] temperature-sensitive mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006099 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence that is used in a manual assertion based on the analysis of a mutation that allows normal function of the organism at low temperatures, but altered function at higher temperatures." [GOC:PG, PMID:19596904] recessive mutant phenotype evidence ; ECO:0006100 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence based on the analysis of a mutation which, in diploid organisms, must be present in both alleles for a phenotype to manifest itself." [GOC:PG, NBK:21578] recessive mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0006101 def: "A type of mutant phenotype evidence that is used in a manual assertion based on the analysis of a mutation which, in diploid organisms, must be present in both alleles for a phenotype to manifest itself." [GOC:PG, NBK:21578] high throughput mutant phenotype evidence ; ECO:0007000 def: "A type of high throughput evidence derived from high throughput analysis of differences in alleles of a corresponding gene." [GO:IMP] high throughput mutant phenotype evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0007001 def: "A type of high throughput evidence that is used in a manual assertion derived from high throughput analysis of differences in alleles of a corresponding gene." [GO:IMP] high throughput genetic interaction evidence ; ECO:0007002 def: "A type of high throughput evidence derived from the high throughput analysis of the effect that a given gene has on another gene or genes, and products." [PMID:11822023] high throughput genetic interaction evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0007003 def: "A type of high throughput evidence that is used in a manual assertion derived from the high throughput analysis of the effect that a given gene has on another gene or genes, and products." [PMID:11822023] high throughput direct assay evidence ; ECO:0007004 def: "A type of high throughput evidence derived from the high throughput direct measurement of some aspect of a biological feature." [ECO:MCC] high throughput direct assay evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0007005 def: "A type of high throughput evidence that is used in a manual assertion derived from the high throughput direct measurement of some aspect of a biological feature." [ECO:MCC] high throughput expression pattern evidence ; ECO:0007006 def: "A type of high throughput evidence derived from the high throughput characterization of gene expression." [GO:IEP] high throughput expression pattern evidence used in manual assertion ; ECO:0007007 def: "A type of high throughput evidence that is used in a manual assertion derived from the high throughput characterization of gene expression." [GO:IEP]