Analysis Tools
respiratory system
reproductive system
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• empty and degenerating tubules by 9 months becoming more obvious by 12 months
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• interstitial cells are more numerous than normal at 2.5 months
• cell numbers remain stable or increase somewhat with age
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• testis weights average 44% of controls and only 10% in most extreme instances
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• seen between 9 and 15 months
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• about 1/3 of tumors are found in the reproductive tract
• epididymal tumors between the ducts in space normally occupied by smooth muscle or connective tissue
• endometrial stroma sarcomas
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• histology deteriorates with age
• decrease in overall size of the salivary gland complex with age
• notably, mucous cells of the sublingual gland appear normal
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• abnormally large and swollen cell nuclei and many binucleate cells
• cells producing amylase are abnormal
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• abnormally large and swollen cell nuclei and many binucleate cells
• abnormalities restricted to mucous cells
• serous cells are normal
• fewer mucous acini compared to serous acini despite an increase in the size of individual mucous cells
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• cells with enlarged nuclei
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• similar abnormalities to salivary glands
• cells with enlarged or doubled nuclei
• histology deteriorates with age
• decrease in size with age
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• ratio of glucagon secreting to insulin secreting cells normal at 4 weeks of age
• ratio of glucagon secreting to insulin secreting cells elevated at 16 weeks
• ratio of alpha to beta cells is increased
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• total beta cell area is reduced
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• relative to body weight
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• reduced cross-sectional area relative to body weight
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• disproportionately greater reduction than body weight
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• empty and degenerating tubules by 9 months becoming more obvious by 12 months
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• interstitial cells are more numerous than normal at 2.5 months
• cell numbers remain stable or increase somewhat with age
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• testis weights average 44% of controls and only 10% in most extreme instances
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• seen between 9 and 15 months
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• isolated islets release significantly reduced but nevertheless robust levels of insulin
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growth/size/body
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• body weight more or less normal up to 8.7 months
(J:33099)
• considerable weight loss in 12-15 month old animals
(J:33099)
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neoplasm
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• sarcomas are very metastatic
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• up to 34% of homozygotes have tumors by 15 months of age
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• develop between 12.5 and 16.5 months of age
• lymphoproliferative syndrome develops in a small number of females between 8 and 15 months
• often leads to death
• involves enlarged lymph nodes, splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis, anemia (hematocrits of 8-15%)
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• about 1/3 of tumors are found in the reproductive tract
• epididymal tumors between the ducts in space normally occupied by smooth muscle or connective tissue
• endometrial stroma sarcomas
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digestive/alimentary system
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• similar abnormalities to salivary glands
• cells with enlarged or doubled nuclei
• histology deteriorates with age
• decrease in size with age
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• histology deteriorates with age
• decrease in overall size of the salivary gland complex with age
• notably, mucous cells of the sublingual gland appear normal
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• abnormally large and swollen cell nuclei and many binucleate cells
• cells producing amylase are abnormal
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• abnormally large and swollen cell nuclei and many binucleate cells
• abnormalities restricted to mucous cells
• serous cells are normal
• fewer mucous acini compared to serous acini despite an increase in the size of individual mucous cells
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vision/eye
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• cells with enlarged nuclei
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adipose tissue
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• reduced total body fat mass
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• impaired adipocyte differentiation
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• more efficient
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• isolated islets release significantly reduced but nevertheless robust levels of insulin
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• fasting glucose levels lower than in controls
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• insulin levels do not increase in a glucose tolerance test
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• fasting insulin levels lower than controls
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• reduced glucose clearance in a glucose tolerance test
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cellular
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• impaired adipocyte differentiation
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• more efficient
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