Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
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• starting about 3 to 4 months of age, mice begin wasting due to an autoimmune disease
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• total cell number in the spleen is increased by about 60%
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immune system
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• thymuses of 5 month old mice are completely involuted with only thymic lymph nodes detectable in the area where the thymus in normally present
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• total cell number in the spleen is increased by about 60%
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• there is a decrease in the percentage of B cells found in the spleen though due to the increase in spleen cellularity the total number of B cells is normal
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• 90% of the T cells found in the spleen of 5 month old mice are CD62Llow CD44high indicating an activated/memory phenotype
• increases in memory T cell numbers are found as early as 4 weeks of age
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• sera levels of IgA are 16 fold higher in 5-6 month old mice than in age matched wild-type mice
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• sera levels of IgG1 are 8 fold higher in 5-6 month old mice than in age matched wild-type mice
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• sera levels of IgG2a are 4 fold higher in 5-6 month old mice than in age matched wild-type mice
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• all CD8 T cells and most CD4 T cells are in an activated, effector state with CD8 T cells producing IFN-gamma and CD4 T cells producing Th1 and/or Th2 cytokines
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• in vitro stimulated CD4- and CD8- T cells are refractory to the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 on T cell proliferation
• there is only a slight inhibition of proliferation on activated T cells by TGF-beta2
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• there is a 3-fold increase in the number of cells found in the lymph nodes
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• auto-antibodies to nuclear proteins are detected in the sera of mice with specificity of these antibodies differing between individual mice
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• pronounced inflammation in the gut is evident in 5 month old mice with dense infiltrates of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells occurring in the lamina propia and mucosal epithelia
• the inflammation also causes distortion of the crypt architecture, crypt abscesses and compensatory epithelial hyperplasia
• mild inflammation is also evident in the stomach and duodenum
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• mild inflammation is evident in the pancreas of 5 month old mice
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• there are clusters of macrophages and lymphocytes located in the parenchyma and adjacent to blood vessels in the liver of 5 month old mice
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• IgG deposits are found in the kidney glomeruli of 5 month old mice
• mild infiltration of inflammatory cells is also observed
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• lungs of 5 month old mice have focal perivascular and intraalveolar infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages
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digestive/alimentary system
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• pronounced inflammation in the gut is evident in 5 month old mice with dense infiltrates of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells occurring in the lamina propia and mucosal epithelia
• the inflammation also causes distortion of the crypt architecture, crypt abscesses and compensatory epithelial hyperplasia
• mild inflammation is also evident in the stomach and duodenum
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• thymuses of 5 month old mice are completely involuted with only thymic lymph nodes detectable in the area where the thymus in normally present
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• mild inflammation is evident in the pancreas of 5 month old mice
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hematopoietic system
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• thymuses of 5 month old mice are completely involuted with only thymic lymph nodes detectable in the area where the thymus in normally present
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• total cell number in the spleen is increased by about 60%
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• there is a decrease in the percentage of B cells found in the spleen though due to the increase in spleen cellularity the total number of B cells is normal
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• 90% of the T cells found in the spleen of 5 month old mice are CD62Llow CD44high indicating an activated/memory phenotype
• increases in memory T cell numbers are found as early as 4 weeks of age
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• sera levels of IgA are 16 fold higher in 5-6 month old mice than in age matched wild-type mice
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• sera levels of IgG1 are 8 fold higher in 5-6 month old mice than in age matched wild-type mice
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• sera levels of IgG2a are 4 fold higher in 5-6 month old mice than in age matched wild-type mice
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• all CD8 T cells and most CD4 T cells are in an activated, effector state with CD8 T cells producing IFN-gamma and CD4 T cells producing Th1 and/or Th2 cytokines
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• in vitro stimulated CD4- and CD8- T cells are refractory to the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 on T cell proliferation
• there is only a slight inhibition of proliferation on activated T cells by TGF-beta2
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liver/biliary system
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• there are clusters of macrophages and lymphocytes located in the parenchyma and adjacent to blood vessels in the liver of 5 month old mice
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renal/urinary system
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• IgG deposits are found in the kidney glomeruli of 5 month old mice
• mild infiltration of inflammatory cells is also observed
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respiratory system
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• lungs of 5 month old mice have focal perivascular and intraalveolar infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages
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cellular
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• in vitro stimulated CD4- and CD8- T cells are refractory to the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 on T cell proliferation
• there is only a slight inhibition of proliferation on activated T cells by TGF-beta2
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