mortality/aging
• mice die immediately after birth because of inability to breath
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nervous system
• in the diaphragm of mutants, synapses are poorly aligned along the midline of the hemidiaphragm and are more randomly distributed across a broader region of the muscle
• this pattern suggests increased innervation or expansion of innervation compared to wild-type
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• in the diaphragm of mutants, phrenic nerve synapses are poorly aligned along the midline of the hemidiaphragm and are more randomly distributed across a broader region of the muscle
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• at E18., there is increased motoneuron density at cervical levels
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• there is an increased number of ventral horn motoneurons at cervical levels compared to control littermates
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• EPPs elicited by single stimulation or at 10 Hz have 10-fold smaller amplitudes compared to controls, and failure rates are significantly increased
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• mEPP frequency is reduced by half at phrenic nerve/diaphragm neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) compared to control littermates
• at 2 and 4 mM Ca2+, mEPP frequency increases >3-fold in control NMJs but remains unchanged in mutant preparations
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skeleton
• ribcage appears enlarged compared to wild-type
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• at E18.5, vertebrae of mutants seem more compact at cervical level
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homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• insulin secretion, glucose tolerance, and body fat measurements are similar in mutants and controls
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