Analysis Tools
cardiovascular system
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• collapsed vessels lined by extremely thin endothelial extensions are seen in the heart, sinus venosus, and many smaller vessels throughout the embryo
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• round-shaped endothelial cells are more frequently seen protruding into the vessel lumen, compared to wild-type vessels
• these cells may block the lumen resulting in vessel collapse subsequent invasion of mesenchymal cells may result in vessel division
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• the primary vascular plexus is not transformed to a more complex vascular network
• only rudimentary perineural vascular loops are formed and more frequent blind-ending sprout like structures are seen
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• at E9.5 the number of tissue folds (involved in vessel division) are reduced and these folds are malformed, no periendothelial cells are seen, and mesenchymal cells remain distant from the endothelial cells
• many of these tissue folds are too short and unstable to result in proper vessel division
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• ventricular trabecular muscles do not form
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• cells of the endocardium and sinus venosus remain separated from the surrounding mesenchyme
• endocardial endothelial cells unsupported by mesenchyme collapse into the lumen and fuse together forming occlusions of the sinus venosus, bulbo-truncal canal, or the area between the atrium and ventricle of the primitive heart
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muscle
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• ventricular trabecular muscles do not form
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embryo
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• necrosis is seen in the neuroectoderm and mesenchymal cells
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cellular
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• necrosis is seen in the neuroectoderm and mesenchymal cells
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