mortality/aging
• homozygotes die at birth
|
embryo
sirenomelia
(
J:64989
)
• homozygotes fail to maintain the apical ectodermal ridge
|
• loss of paraxial mesoderm is seen at E9.5
|
spina bifida
(
J:64989
)
• about half of homozygotes display spina bifida and/or exencephaly
|
• caudal somites are absent at E10.5
|
• at E9.5, sections through the tail bud reveal excess neural tissue and loss of paraxial mesoderm
|
• at E8.5, the tail bud is reduced in size
|
nervous system
spina bifida
(
J:64989
)
• about half of homozygotes display spina bifida and/or exencephaly
|
• at E10.5 the midbrain hindbrain boundary is less distinct
|
• at E14.5 the caudal midbrain is absent
|
• at birth the inferior colliculus is absent
|
• at birth the cerebellum is disorganized
|
exencephaly
(
J:64989
)
• about half of homozygotes display spina bifida and/or exencephaly
|
skeleton
• vertebrae caudal to the lumbar region are absent
|
limbs/digits/tail
sirenomelia
(
J:64989
)
• homozygotes fail to maintain the apical ectodermal ridge
|
• at E9.5, sections through the tail bud reveal excess neural tissue and loss of paraxial mesoderm
|
• at E8.5, the tail bud is reduced in size
|
• some of the remaining forelimb digits have ectopic tendons
|
• one or more posterior digits are missing on the forelimb and variable loss of anterior digits is seen
|