Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• homozygotes die around midgestation; no homozygotes survive beyond 12.5 dpc
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cardiovascular system
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• ~35% of homozygotes exhibit reversed heart L-loops; the remainder have normal D-loops
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• at 9.5 dpc, homozygotes exhibit balooning of the pericardial sac
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embryo
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• at 7.5 dpc, mutant embryos completely lack motile nodal cilia
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• at 9.5 dpc, most homozygotes remain unturned
• homozygotes that start embryo turning curl their tails to either the left or right side of their bodies; in contrast, wild-type embryos consistently curl their tails to the right
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• at 7.5 dpc, mutant embryos fail to generate a leftward nodal flow, suggesting impaired L-R determination; in contrast, basal bodies are still present
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• at 9.5 dpc, homozygotes are smaller than wild-type embryos
• the seemingly longer crown-rump lengths of homozygotes reflect their looser body curling
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• at 11.5 dpc, the rostral neural tube remains open resulting in exencephaly
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growth/size/body
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• at 9.5 dpc, homozygotes are smaller than wild-type embryos
• the seemingly longer crown-rump lengths of homozygotes reflect their looser body curling
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nervous system
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• at 11.5 dpc, the rostral neural tube remains open resulting in exencephaly
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exencephaly
(
J:51419
)
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• at 11.5 dpc, homozygotes display a mushroom-like exencephaly
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• at 11.5 dpc, developing spinal cords appear staggered in more caudal regions
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cellular
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• at 7.5 dpc, mutant embryos completely lack motile nodal cilia
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