Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mice show reduced life span compared to controls or Tg(Thy1-Nlgn1)6Hnes mice
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growth/size/body
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• mice display lower body weight at postnatal time points compared to wild-type controls
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behavior/neurological
| N |
• mice have normal body and limb tone, and intact righting reflex; palpebral closure and piloerection show no overt changes
• mice show no overt signs of seizure
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• in light/dark tests, mice show increased time spent in dark compartment compared to controls, but number of transitions from light to dark compartments is similar to control animals
• in elevated plus maze paradigm, mutants spent larger percentage of time in open arms and in number of entries into open arms relative to wild-type
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• mice show increase in both average and cumulative distance from arena/cage border compared to wild-type
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• in a three chambered apparatus, mutants show no preference for the chamber containing the novel object/mouse, unlike wild-type animals which show a strong preference for the chamber with the novelty
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• mice have an enhanced startle reflex
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• limb clasping is observed
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straub tail
(
J:137376
)
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• animals display Straub tail
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• animals have elevated basal activity levels
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• in the open field, mice display increased rearing frequency indicative of elevated anxiety
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• spontaneous jumping stereotypies are observed in corners of the open-field apparatus where jumping is typically preceded by rearing against the wall and is characterized by repeated jumping vertically on hindlimbs and balancing on rigid tail
• mice display about 10 episodes over a 5 minute period
• elevated incidence of other types of stereotypic behaviors such as digging and grooming are not observed in the open field compared to wild-type
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• total interaction time of male mutants with a novel juvenile animal of a different strain is significantly reduced compared to wild-type controls; number of interactions with the novel animal is not significantly different but average duration is much lower
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nervous system
| N |
• somatosensory, visual, auditory, and olfactory systems are intact
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• mice show changes in synapse morphology in frontal cortex; synaptic component morphology and synaptic densities are altered
• number of vesicles at synapses is increased compared to wild-type; area of symmetric presynaptic compartments and contact length of symmetric synapses are increased
• significant increase in asymmetric presynaptic compartment area is observed
• average length of postsynaptic densities is unchanged relative to controls
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• most mutants tested display brief bilateral bursting activity characterized by spike-wave discharge of 6-8 Hz, while wild-type do not; episodes do not correlate with specific behaviors and are detected during different sleep and wake states
• signs of seizure are not observed with these anomalous discharge episodes
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• frequency is increased compared to wild-type, but amplitude is not altered in prefrontal cortex
• miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) are unchanged in frequency or amplitude
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skeleton
