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Phenotypes associated with this allele
Allele Symbol
Allele Name
Allele ID
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
targeted mutation 1, Ari Waisman
MGI:3772576
Summary 13 genotypes
Jump to Allelic Composition Genetic Background Genotype ID
cn1
Cd19tm1(cre)Cgn/?
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6 MGI:3772814
cn2
ApcMin/Apc+
Dclk1tm1.1(cre/ERT2)Seno/Dclk1+
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1Sor/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6 MGI:5475206
cn3
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze
Oxttm1.1(cre)Dolsn/Oxt+
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 MGI:5523454
cn4
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Kiss1rtm1.1(cre)Uboe/Kiss1r+
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J * SJL MGI:5052333
cn5
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Kiss1tm1.1(cre)Uboe/Kiss1+
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J * SJL MGI:5052334
cn6
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Opn4tm1(cre)Sapa/Opn4+
involves: 129S * C57BL/6 MGI:3803116
cn7
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
Tg(Gdf9-icre)5092Coo/0
involves: C57BL/6 MGI:4430335
cn8
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
Mogtm1(cre)Gkl/?
involves: C57BL/6 MGI:3772815
cn9
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Tg(Mrgpra3-GFP/cre)#Xzd/0
involves: C57BL/6 MGI:5506548
cn10
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
Tg(Cd4-cre)1Cwi/0
involves: C57BL/6 * DBA/2 MGI:3772816
cn11
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Tg(Gh1-cre)bKnmn/0
involves: C57BL/6 * FVB/N MGI:4943177
cn12
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Tg(Krt1-15-cre/PGR*)22Cot/0
involves: C57BL/6J * SJL/J MGI:6118191
cn13
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Tg(Adora2a-cre)2MDkde/0
involves: C57BL/6 * SJL MGI:3852518


Genotype
MGI:3772814
cn1
Allelic
Composition
Cd19tm1(cre)Cgn/?
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Cd19tm1(cre)Cgn mutation (11 available); any Cd19 mutation (56 available)
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• after 3 or 7 days of diptheria toxin treatment, splenic B to T lymphocyte ratio decreases from 2.1 in controls to 0.6 and 0.3 respectively in double transgenic mice
• in bone marrow, drastic reductions in numbers of immature and mature B cells is observed
• in bone marrow, drastic reductions in numbers of immature and mature B cells is observed
• in bone marrow, drastic reductions in numbers of immature and mature B cells is observed
• CD19-expressing B cells are absent after intraperitoneal injection of diptheria toxin for 7 days
• with diptheria toxin treatment 3 times daily for 7 days, B cells are virtually absent from the spleen
• with diptheria toxin treatment 3 times daily for 7 days, B cells are virtually absent from the lymph nodes

hematopoietic system
• in bone marrow, drastic reductions in numbers of immature and mature B cells is observed
• after 3 or 7 days of diptheria toxin treatment, splenic B to T lymphocyte ratio decreases from 2.1 in controls to 0.6 and 0.3 respectively in double transgenic mice
• in bone marrow, drastic reductions in numbers of immature and mature B cells is observed
• in bone marrow, drastic reductions in numbers of immature and mature B cells is observed
• in bone marrow, drastic reductions in numbers of immature and mature B cells is observed
• CD19-expressing B cells are absent after intraperitoneal injection of diptheria toxin for 7 days
• with diptheria toxin treatment 3 times daily for 7 days, B cells are virtually absent from the spleen




Genotype
MGI:5475206
cn2
Allelic
Composition
ApcMin/Apc+
Dclk1tm1.1(cre/ERT2)Seno/Dclk1+
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1Sor/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
ApcMin mutation (12 available); any Apc mutation (154 available)
Dclk1tm1.1(cre/ERT2)Seno mutation (0 available); any Dclk1 mutation (53 available)
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1Sor mutation (8 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
neoplasm
• after tamoxifen treatment and a single injection of diphtheria toxin (DT), polyps contain many Dclk1-positive apoptotic tumor cells and are severely injured or collapsed with Dclk1-negative polyps not displaying DT-induced apoptosis

digestive/alimentary system
N
• after tamoxifen treatment and multiple diphtheria toxin injections to ablate Dclk1-positive cells, these cells are absent from the normal intestine with no significant damage to organ architecture observed in the intestine or stomach

endocrine/exocrine glands
N
• after tamoxifen treatment and multiple diphtheria toxin injections to ablate Dclk1-positive cells, no significant damage in organ architecture is observed in the pancreas or gallbladder




Genotype
MGI:5523454
cn3
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze
Oxttm1.1(cre)Dolsn/Oxt+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Oxttm1.1(cre)Dolsn mutation (1 available); any Oxt mutation (20 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
growth/size/body
N
• on a standard chow diet, 9 week-old mice given an injection of diphtheria toxin, with a second injection 1 week later, to ablate oxytocin-expressing neurons (lesioned mice), showed comparable body weight through 20 weeks of age
• when 9 week-old mice were given an injection of diphtheria toxin, with a second injection 1 week later, and maintained on a high fat diet following treatment, males displayed comparable body weight to controls up to 14 weeks of age, then develop higher body weight relative to controls at 22 weeks of age; in contrast, females show no difference in body weight compared to controls up to 22 weeks of age

adipose tissue
• diphtheria toxin-treated males (lesioned) show significantly higher fat mass; lean masses are comparable

behavior/neurological
N
• average daily food consumption measured over one week in control and lesioned (diphtheria toxin-treated) males are similar on normal chow and high fat diets
• treatment of control and lesioned mice with MTII (melanocortin receptor agonist) reduced feeding in the dark to similar degrees in both cohorts
• after overnight fasting, leptin administration caused a 25% reduction in 2-hour feeding in lesioned mice and had no significant effect on 4- and 24-hour feeding whereas control mice treated with leptin showed a 25% decrease in 2- and 4-hour feeding and blunted 24-hour feeding by 20%

homeostasis/metabolism
• when 9 week-old mice were given an injection of diphtheria toxin, with a second injection 1 week later, and maintained on a high fat diet following treatment, males displayed comparable body weight to controls up to 14 weeks of age, then develop higher body weight relative to controls at 22 weeks of age; in contrast, females show no difference in body weight compared to controls up to 22 weeks of age
• lesioned mice on a high fat diet show lower oxygen consumption during a 2 day period of high fat diet, particularly during the dark cycle, compared to controls; during a 2 day period on normal chow diet, oxygen consumption is comparable between the two genotypes




Genotype
MGI:5052333
cn4
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Kiss1rtm1.1(cre)Uboe/Kiss1r+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J * SJL
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Kiss1rtm1.1(cre)Uboe mutation (0 available); any Kiss1r mutation (20 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
reproductive system
N
• diphtheria-treated mice exhibit normal ovalutory cyclicity and fertility

nervous system
• diphtheria-treated mice exhibit ablation of Kiss1r+ and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons




Genotype
MGI:5052334
cn5
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Kiss1tm1.1(cre)Uboe/Kiss1+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J * SJL
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Kiss1tm1.1(cre)Uboe mutation (0 available); any Kiss1 mutation (21 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
reproductive system
• in diphtheria-treated mice
• in diphtheria-treated mice
• in diphtheria-treated mice
• in diphtheria-treated mice

nervous system
• diphtheria-treated mice exhibit ablation of Kiss1+ neurons




Genotype
MGI:3803116
cn6
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Opn4tm1(cre)Sapa/Opn4+
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Opn4tm1(cre)Sapa mutation (0 available); any Opn4 mutation (33 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
vision/eye
• following treatment with diphtheria toxin, light pupilary reflex is lost
• following treatment with diphtheria toxin, 90% of melanopsin retinal ganglion cells are ablated

nervous system
• following treatment with diphtheria toxin, projections into the suprachiasmatic nucleus are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
• following treatment with diphtheria toxin, 90% of melanopsin retinal ganglion cells are ablated

behavior/neurological
N
• despite ablation of melanopsin retinal ganglion cells following treatment with diphtheria toxin, mice exhibit normal image-forming visual responses
• following treatment with diphtheria toxin, light pupilary reflex is lost
• following treatment with diphtheria toxin, mice lose their ability to photo-entrain their circadian rhythm and mice maintain equal activity during light and dark phases unlike in wild-type mice




Genotype
MGI:4430335
cn7
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
Tg(Gdf9-icre)5092Coo/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Tg(Gdf9-icre)5092Coo mutation (1 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
cellular
• oocytes have undergone apoptosis in preantral follicles
• granulosa cells have undergone apoptosis in preantral follicles

reproductive system
• oocytes have undergone apoptosis in preantral follicles
• granulosa cells have undergone apoptosis in preantral follicles
• with diptheria toxin administration to 8-week-old pregnant females, oocytes and granulosa cells in preantral oocytes show apoptosis 9 days later, in contrast to treated controls where atretic follicles but not preantral follicles show apoptosis

endocrine/exocrine glands
• granulosa cells have undergone apoptosis in preantral follicles
• with diptheria toxin administration to 8-week-old pregnant females, oocytes and granulosa cells in preantral oocytes show apoptosis 9 days later, in contrast to treated controls where atretic follicles but not preantral follicles show apoptosis




Genotype
MGI:3772815
cn8
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
Mogtm1(cre)Gkl/?
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Mogtm1(cre)Gkl mutation (1 available); any Mog mutation (58 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
growth/size/body
• after intaperitoneal injection with diptheria toxin 3 times daily for 7 days, mice present with weight loss after ~30 days

behavior/neurological
• after intaperitoneal injection with diptheria toxin 3 times daily for 7 days, mice present with tremor after ~30 days
• after intaperitoneal injection with diptheria toxin 3 times daily for 7 days, mice present with hindlimb paralysis after ~30 days

nervous system
• 3 days following diptheria toxin injection 3 times daily for 7 days, substantial apoptosis is detected in the granular layer of the cerebella of double mutants; cells are likely oligodendrocytes, but may be granule cells
• reactive astrogliosis is observed, as well as inflammatory cells, in oligodendrocytes after diptheria toxin injection 3 times daily for 7 days
• after intaperitoneal injection with diptheria toxin 3 times daily for 7 days, severe destruction of myelinated structures throughout the CNS is observed
• diptheria toxin-induced demyelination is observed in treated double mutants

immune system
• after diptheria toxin treatment for 7 days, low titers of IgM diptheria toxin-specific antibodies are detected in the serum; DT-specific IgG1 antibodies are detected later, and amounts are ~50-fold lower than in a typical hapten-induced antiboby response

cellular
• 3 days following diptheria toxin injection 3 times daily for 7 days, substantial apoptosis is detected in the granular layer of the cerebella of double mutants; cells are likely oligodendrocytes, but may be granule cells




Genotype
MGI:5506548
cn9
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Tg(Mrgpra3-GFP/cre)#Xzd/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Tg(Mrgpra3-GFP/cre)#Xzd mutation (0 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
behavior/neurological
N
• responses to acute noxious heat, cold, mechanical and chemical stimulation after diphtheria toxin (DTX) treatment are similar to control littermates
• normal motor function is observed following DTX treatment
• injection of capsaicin to the cheek induces normal pain-invoked facial wiping behavior in DTX-treated animals comparable to controls
• cheek injection of beta-alanine induces robust scratching response in DTX-treated mice similar to the behavior in treated controls

nervous system

integument
• scratching behavior is reduced relative to controls in DTX-treated mice after injection of alpha-methyl-serotonin or endothelin-1
• in models of dry skin pruritus and allergic chronic itch, DTX-treated mice show reduced scratching behavior compared to controls
• injection of chloroquine into cheeks of DTX-treated mice abolishes the hindpaw cheek-scratching elicited in DTX-treated controls
• hindpaw scratching induced by histamine administration to the cheek is reduced in DTX-treated mice relative to treated controls
• subcutaneous injection of histamine into the napes of DTX-treated mice results in a reduced scratching behavior compared to DTX-treated controls
• site-directed scratching is abolished in DTX-treated mutants following injection of either BAN8-22 or SLIGRL-NH2 (pruritogens that activate Mrgprx1)
• after subcutaneous cloroquine injection into the necks of DTX-treated mice, site-directed scratching is significantly reduced compared to DTX- and cholorquine-treated control littermates




Genotype
MGI:3772816
cn10
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai
Tg(Cd4-cre)1Cwi/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6 * DBA/2
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Tg(Cd4-cre)1Cwi mutation (10 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• following 3 days of diptheria toxin injection, splenic T to B lymphocyte ratio is reduced from a mean of 0.5 in controls to 0.1 in double mutant animals
• numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are ~equally decreased

hematopoietic system
• following 3 days of diptheria toxin injection, splenic T to B lymphocyte ratio is reduced from a mean of 0.5 in controls to 0.1 in double mutant animals
• numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are ~equally decreased




Genotype
MGI:4943177
cn11
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Tg(Gh1-cre)bKnmn/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6 * FVB/N
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Tg(Gh1-cre)bKnmn mutation (1 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
homeostasis/metabolism
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice when a high-fat diet or a low-fat diet
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed a high-fat or low-fat diet
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed a high-fat or low-fat diet
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed a low-fat during the nocturnal phase or when mice are fed a high-fat diet
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed a low-fat during the nocturnal phase
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed a low-fat
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice when fed standard chow
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice when fed a high-fat diet or a low-fat diet during an insulin tolerance test
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed a high-fat
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice when fed standard chow, a high-fat diet, or a low-fat diet
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed a high-fat

endocrine/exocrine glands
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice

adipose tissue
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed standard chow or a high fat diet
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice

growth/size/body
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed a high fat diet

liver/biliary system
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed a high-fat
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed standard chow or a high fat diet

nervous system
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice

behavior/neurological
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice fed a low-fat

integument
• in diphtheria toxin-treated mice

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
isolated growth hormone deficiency DOID:0060870 J:169459




Genotype
MGI:6118191
cn12
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Tg(Krt1-15-cre/PGR*)22Cot/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6J * SJL/J
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Tg(Krt1-15-cre/PGR*)22Cot mutation (2 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
digestive/alimentary system
• mice treated with RU486 prior to diphtheria toxin injection exhibit reduced proliferation and atrophy in the esophageal epithelia compared with wild-type mice

cellular
• mice treated with RU486 prior to diphtheria toxin injection exhibit reduced proliferation and atrophy in the esophageal epithelia compared with wild-type mice




Genotype
MGI:3852518
cn13
Allelic
Composition
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai/Gt(ROSA)26Sor+
Tg(Adora2a-cre)2MDkde/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6 * SJL
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HBEGF)Awai mutation (4 available); any Gt(ROSA)26Sor mutation (935 available)
Tg(Adora2a-cre)2MDkde mutation (0 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
behavior/neurological
• in an amphetamine (1, 3 or 5 mg/kg) conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in mice with NAc deletion of dopamine receptor 2 (D2R)-specific striatopallidal neurons, analysis of the extinction of CPP over 1 week showed that mutants maintained greater CPP on days 4 and 9 after last amphetamine injection whereas controls showed loss of CPP on day 9
• at 6 days after bilateral full striatum diptheria toxin injection, mice show 3 to 4-fold higher activity in the open field; hyperactivity is stable through 16 days post-injection, with hyperactivity still apparent at 33 days
• however, deletion of D2R-striatopallidal neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by injection of diptheria toxin does not result in spontaneous hyperlocomotion in the mice

nervous system
N
• mesostriatal dopaminergic system after ablation of striatopallidal neurons by diptheria toxin injection was not significantly different from controls in terms of dopamine extracellular concentration or amphetamine-induced dopamine overflow
• unilateral or bilateral diptheria toxin injection into the striatum causes unilateral or complete loss of dopamine receptor 2 (D2R)-specific striatopallidal neurons at 14 days after injection; neuron loss was similar from the anterior to the posterior striatum
• dopamine receptor 1-specific neurons are unaffected and striatal interneuron populations remain intact





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last database update
03/19/2024
MGI 6.23
The Jackson Laboratory