Analysis Tools
behavior/neurological
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• at 18 months, mice show significantly reduced spontaneous activity relative to non-transgenic controls
• at 18 months, mice exhibit an enhanced locomotor response to amphetamine treatment compared to controls
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hematopoietic system
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• increased number of microglial cells associated with affected brain regions
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immune system
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• increased number of microglial cells associated with affected brain regions
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nervous system
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• increased number of microglial cells associated with affected brain regions
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• at 12-14 months of age, neurons show pathological changes including dense, shrunken perikarya, beaded or dystrophic processes, as well as perinuclear or very localized inclusions
• deep inclusions are observed in cytoplasm of dopaminergic neurons
• granular deposits and vacuolation of the cytoplasm are detected in older mice
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• dopaminergic axons in the striatum appear with focal varicose swellings and seem to have larger diameters than littermate controls
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• mutant human alpha-synuclein protein accumulates in inclusion-like structures in substatia nigra and olfactory bulb at all ages studied
• by 3 months, alpha-synuclein protein accumulates in the somatodendritic compartment
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• in anterior striatum, dopamine (DA) levels are reduced by ~30% at time points later than 1 month of age; this is paralleled by a 30% reduction in the DA metabolite homovanillic acid
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