cellular
• in null embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs infected with adeno-cre to delete exon 1 of Pik3a), phosphorylation of Akt (PI3K activity measure) is reduced relative to wild-type MEFs when stimulated with insulin or insulin-like growth factor; phosphorylation in response to EGF or PDGF is also diminished at 60 minutes compared to wild-type cells
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