Analysis Tools
skeleton
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• progressive degeneration of cartilage resembling osteoarthritis in joints of older mice
• joints of older mice with mild degeneration exhibit fibrillated and disorganized articular cartilage and deeper chondrocytes are grouped into clusters
• joints with more severe degeneration show replacement of articular cartilage with hypertrophic cartilage and bone
• stiffness in the hindlimb joints
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• skeletal defects are apparent by 3 months of age and become progressively worse with age
• however, E17.5 fetuses do not exhibit defects in size or shape of long bones or vertebrae
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• in the most severe cases, the femur is pressed into the tibia and the entire surface of the tibia is destroyed
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• sternal defects
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• the xiphoid process of the sternum protrudes out from the chest
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• xiphoid process is bifurcated in adults
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split sternum
(
J:44579
)
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• fusion of the sternum is incomplete in 64% of E17.5 fetuses, with varied degree of sternal bifurcation
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• vertebrae are often misshapen
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osteophytes
(
J:44579
)
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• early osteophytes are present as outgrowths of chondroid tissuein the articular margins
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• mice exhibit less proteoglycan but more type X collagen localized in the cartilage matrix
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• knee and shoulder joints are disorganized
• cartilaginous metaplasia is seen in synovium filling the joint space
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• vertebrae often appear fused
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• some degeneration of the articular surface in knee joints is seen at 4 weeks of age, with patches of articular surface denuded of cartilage and hypertrophic cells in the articular cartilage
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• the synovium is hyperplastic and thrown into folds
• detached fragments of bone covered with cartilage is seen in the joint space
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• knee and shoulder joints contain excess calcified tissue
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• organization and histology of the growth plate is altered at 4 and 8 weeks of age
• a population of small, round cells is located between the proliferating and hypertrophic zones in 4 week old mice
• very few proliferating cells are seen in the growth plate at 8 weeks of age and most cells are hypertrophic and abnormally round
• disorganized zones of cartilage are often seen in the epiphyseal head of long bones at all ages
• growth plate is often disorganized or undetectable in bones from older mice
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• cells in the proliferating zone are sometimes grouped into clusters in 4 week old mice
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• at 4 weeks of age, the hypertrophic zone is thicker and the cells in this zone are not organized in columnar arrays
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homeostasis/metabolism
calcinosis
(
J:44579
)
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• tumoral calcinosis in 4 of 19 mice
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immune system
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• progressive degeneration of cartilage resembling osteoarthritis in joints of older mice
• joints of older mice with mild degeneration exhibit fibrillated and disorganized articular cartilage and deeper chondrocytes are grouped into clusters
• joints with more severe degeneration show replacement of articular cartilage with hypertrophic cartilage and bone
• stiffness in the hindlimb joints
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limbs/digits/tail
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• hindlimbs are torqued laterally at varying angles in some cases
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• in the most severe cases, the femur is pressed into the tibia and the entire surface of the tibia is destroyed
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neoplasm
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• tumoral calcinosis-like lesions, most often near the cervical vertebrae, although masses are seen along the vertebral column, in the axilla and pelivis, and in the paws
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| osteoarthritis | DOID:8398 | J:44579 | ||
