• mutants exposed to moderate intensity light show an accumulation of superoxide in rods at a level 3.5 times greater than in wild-type mice

• mutants exhibit rod photoreceptor degeneration in response to moderate intensity light exposure that is not seen in wild-type mice

• mutants reared under a moderate light/dark cycle, but not dim/dark cycle conditions, develop severe retinal degeneration in less than 6 months

• mutants exposed to moderate intensity light show an accumulation of superoxide in rods at a level 3.5 times greater than in wild-type mice

• mutants exhibit rod photoreceptor degeneration in response to moderate intensity light exposure that is not seen in wild-type mice

• mutants reared under a moderate light/dark cycle, but not dim/dark cycle conditions, develop severe retinal degeneration in less than 6 months

• mutants exhibit a head tilt from weaning age, approximately 3-4 weeks

• mutant mice exhibit bidirectional circling behavior from weaning age, at approximately 3-4 weeks