Analysis Tools
cardiovascular system
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• cardiovascular defects are first detected at 4 months of age and progressively increase in aging mice; however no defects are seen in the right ventricle or in pulmonary arteries
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• aorta media wall becomes thicker and disorganized, showing hyperplasia and hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells as well as increased deposition of extracellular matrix
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• mice exhibit extensive vascular remodeling; administration of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, decreases the cardiovascular remodeling
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• hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in the left heart ventricle
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• left ventricular fibrosis; treatment with propranolol for 5 weeks prevents the development of fibrosis
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• show high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the heart
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• lower +dP/dt max values
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• more severe than in Vav2tm1Trn homozygotes
(J:124056)
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hypertension
(
J:111973
)
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• systemic arterial hypertension, showing high systolic and diastolic blood pressure
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• more severe than in Vav2tm1Trn homozygotes
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growth/size/body
homeostasis/metabolism
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• show an age dependent increase of angiotensin II and a concomitant reduction of bradykinin in plasma
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• elevated from birth to adulthood, indicating hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system
(J:111973)
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• show an age dependent increase of angiotensin II in plasma
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• exhibit high levels of vasopressin in newborns which increases further as they age
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• aldosterone levels become elevated from 4 months of age onward
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• elevated from birth to adulthood, indicating hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system
(J:111973)
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• activation of the renin-angiotensin system
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• elevated from birth to adulthood, indicating hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system
(J:111973)
• in the plasma
(J:124056)
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• show an age dependent increase of angiotensin II and a concomitant reduction of bradykinin in plasma
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• potassium excretion rates of kidneys are lower
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• kidneys have lower rates of sodium excretion and as a compensatory mechanism to keep the electrolyte balance, chloride excretion
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nervous system
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• exhibit hyperactivity of sympathetic neurons from the time of birth, as indicated by an increase in catecholamines
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renal/urinary system
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• potassium excretion rates of kidneys are lower
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• kidneys have lower rates of sodium excretion and as a compensatory mechanism to keep the electrolyte balance, chloride excretion
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• develop renal fibrosis in an age-dependent manner
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• kidneys have lower rates of creatinine clearance
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• urinary flow is about 85% lower than in controls
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muscle
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• hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in the left heart ventricle
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• lower +dP/dt max values
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