Analysis Tools
homeostasis/metabolism
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• when fed a high fat diet
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• respiratory quotient indicates a slight substrate preference for carbohydrate over fat
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• total insulin secreted by isolated islets of Langerhans in response to glucose stimulation is 56% that of wild-type islets
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• insulin levels are modestly but significantly lower at 5 and 45 minutes after a glucose injection
• when fed a high fat diet, fasting insulin levels are significantly lower than in controls
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• when fed a high fat diet mice do not develop glucose intolerance unlike wild-type mice
• however, on a standard diet there is no significant difference in glucose tolerance in mutants compared to wild-type mice
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• when fed a high fat diet mice do not develop insulin resistance unlike wild-type mice
• however, on a standard diet there is no significant difference in insulin sensitivity in mutants compared to wild-type mice
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• produce more CO2 and heat
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endocrine/exocrine glands
| N |
• despite defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, no defects are detected in islet of Langerhans morphology, size or beta-cell area and no differences in total pancreatic insulin levels are seen
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• total insulin secreted by isolated islets of Langerhans in response to glucose stimulation is 56% that of wild-type islets
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growth/size/body
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• when fed a high fat diet
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liver/biliary system
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• when fed a high fat diet
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muscle
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• permeabilized soleus muscle fibers show elevated ATP production from succinate
• however, no difference in mitochondrial number or area are detected in soleus muscles
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behavior/neurological
| N |
• despite increased metabolism and resistance to diet induce obesity, no differences in locomotor activity or food intake are detected
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respiratory system
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• hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is increased in females throughout exposure to 10% or 8% O2 relative to controls
• in males HVR is increased relative to controls only during the first minute of exposure to 8% O2
• hypoxic ventilatory decline is slower in males at 8% and in females at 8% and 10% O2 relative to sex-matched controls
• females show impaired ventilatory acclimatization following exposure to acute hypoxia
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nervous system
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• males have lower tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the pontine (A5 and A6) and medullary (A2C2) brain stem catecholaminergic cell groups compared to sex matched controls
• females have higher tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the pontine (A5 and A6) and medullary (A2C2 and A1C1) brain stem catecholaminergic cell groups compared to sex matched controls
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