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Phenotypes associated with this allele
Allele Symbol
Allele Name
Allele ID
Syn1tm1Pggd
targeted mutation 1, Paul Greengard
MGI:2448356
Summary 4 genotypes
Jump to Allelic Composition Genetic Background Genotype ID
hm1
Syn1tm1Pggd/Syn1tm1Pggd B6.129P2-Syn1tm1Pggd MGI:5517482
hm2
Syn1tm1Pggd/Syn1tm1Pggd involves: 129 MGI:3032587
cx3
Syn1tm1Pggd/Syn1tm1Pggd
Syn2tm1Pggd/Syn2tm1Pggd
Syn3tm1Pggd/Syn3tm1Pggd
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 MGI:5698534
cx4
Syn1tm1Pggd/Syn1tm1Pggd
Syn2tm1Pggd/Syn2tm1Pggd
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd MGI:3045986


Genotype
MGI:5517482
hm1
Allelic
Composition
Syn1tm1Pggd/Syn1tm1Pggd
Genetic
Background
B6.129P2-Syn1tm1Pggd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Syn1tm1Pggd mutation (2 available); any Syn1 mutation (22 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
behavior/neurological
• in the social transmission of food preference task, mutants show an absence of preference for the cued food over the novel food after one hour after social interaction with the demonstrator cagemate
• mutants bury fewer marbles than controls when placed in a cage with new bedding and marbles and this behavior is associated with reduced time spent in digging, whereas rearing behavior is unchanged
• after habituation to marbles, mutants still bury less marbles than controls, suggesting this behavior is not due to an altered response to novelty but a decrease in interest toward the environment
• however, mutants exhibit normal anxiety related behaviors
• in the social dominance tube test, adults show more dominant behavior compared to controls
• in the resident-intruder test, mutants show reduced social interaction with the intruder mice after 1-2 months of social isolation

taste/olfaction
N
• olfaction is intact

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
autism spectrum disorder DOID:0060041 J:201707




Genotype
MGI:3032587
hm2
Allelic
Composition
Syn1tm1Pggd/Syn1tm1Pggd
Genetic
Background
involves: 129
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Syn1tm1Pggd mutation (2 available); any Syn1 mutation (22 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
behavior/neurological
• electrical stimulation to the amygdala resulted in clonic seizures of longer duration and intensity than controls

nervous system
• electrical stimulation to the amygdala resulted in clonic seizures of longer duration and intensity than controls
• retarded growth of predendritic neurites and axons was observed in vitro
• observed in hippocampal neurons in culture
• there is lack of synaptic vesicle clustering at presynaptic terminals
• recovery of synaptic transmission from tetanic stimulation was delayed
• release of glutamate from synaptosomes purified from the cerebral cortex was impaired; impairment may be due to lack of synaptic vesicle clustering at presynaptic terminals




Genotype
MGI:5698534
cx3
Allelic
Composition
Syn1tm1Pggd/Syn1tm1Pggd
Syn2tm1Pggd/Syn2tm1Pggd
Syn3tm1Pggd/Syn3tm1Pggd
Genetic
Background
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Syn1tm1Pggd mutation (2 available); any Syn1 mutation (22 available)
Syn2tm1Pggd mutation (2 available); any Syn2 mutation (22 available)
Syn3tm1Pggd mutation (2 available); any Syn3 mutation (35 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
behavior/neurological
• opening of the home cage of adult mutants induces generalized tonic-clonic seizures that correlate with high amplitude and high frequency generalized synchronized activity followed by post-ictal depression in the theta frequency rage (3-6 Hz)
• seizures commence within seconds of cage opening and include vocalization, freezing, tail stiffing, back arching, bilateral limb movements, and loss of posture, followed by stereotypical grooming behavior
• the symptomatic seizure state is characterized by resistance to the epileptiform-promoting effects of 4-aminopyridine, by hypersensitivity to blockage of GABA(A) receptors and by the emergence of unresponsiveness to NMDA receptor antagonism
• opening of the home cage of adult mutants induces generalized tonic-clonic seizures
• however, mice exhibit spontaneous seizures only vary rarely

nervous system
• opening of the home cage of adult mutants induces generalized tonic-clonic seizures that correlate with high amplitude and high frequency generalized synchronized activity followed by post-ictal depression in the theta frequency rage (3-6 Hz)
• seizures commence within seconds of cage opening and include vocalization, freezing, tail stiffing, back arching, bilateral limb movements, and loss of posture, followed by stereotypical grooming behavior
• the symptomatic seizure state is characterized by resistance to the epileptiform-promoting effects of 4-aminopyridine, by hypersensitivity to blockage of GABA(A) receptors and by the emergence of unresponsiveness to NMDA receptor antagonism
• opening of the home cage of adult mutants induces generalized tonic-clonic seizures
• however, mice exhibit spontaneous seizures only vary rarely
• EEG indicates an abrupt transition during early adulthood from a seizure-free presymptomatic latent state to a consistent symptomatic state of sensory-induced seizures
• EEG indicates that during the latent period, larger field responses are elicited in slices from mutants than in controls

Mouse Models of Human Disease
DO ID OMIM ID(s) Ref(s)
epilepsy DOID:1826 J:175256




Genotype
MGI:3045986
cx4
Allelic
Composition
Syn1tm1Pggd/Syn1tm1Pggd
Syn2tm1Pggd/Syn2tm1Pggd
Genetic
Background
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Syn1tm1Pggd mutation (2 available); any Syn1 mutation (22 available)
Syn2tm1Pggd mutation (2 available); any Syn2 mutation (22 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
nervous system
N
• brain weight was normal
• abnormal neuron phenotype was restored
• synapse formation is delayed 2-3 days in culture





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Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO)
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last database update
03/12/2024
MGI 6.23
The Jackson Laboratory