homeostasis/metabolism
immune system
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• isolated CD4 T cells costimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 show increased CD4 T cell proliferation without an impact on T cell apoptosis
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• mice exhibit increased infiltration of lymphocytes in the salivary gland
• however, no evidence of inflammatory infiltration is seen in the colon, lung, kidney, liver or heart
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• mice exhibit more islets with invasive insulitis at both early prediabetic stage (5-6 weeks) and advanced diabetic stage 12 (12-15 weeks) compared to control NOD/ShiLtJ mice
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• mice exhibit splenomegaly, suggesting a more severe autoimmune response than in NOD/ShiLtJ controls
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• although the proportions of CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes are comparable to controls, mice exhibit a higher proportion of CD44hi CD62Llo effector and lower proportion of CD44lo CD62Lhi nave T cells in total CD4 T cells
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• the frequency of CD4+/IFN-gamma+ (Th1) cells is much higher than in controls
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• mice show a modest increase of CD4+/IL-4+ (Th2) cells, but without a perceptible change in CD4+/IL-17A+ (Th17) and CD4+/Foxp3+ (Treg) subsets compared to controls
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• frequency of IFN-gamma+ cytotoxic CD8 T cells is higher than in controls
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• isolated CD4 T cells costimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 show increased CD4 T cell proliferation without an impact on T cell apoptosis, and higher amounts of type I cytokine expression, including IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha
• isolated CD4 T cells produce higher IFN-gamma levels under non-polarized conditions
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• mice exhibit pancreatic lymphadenopathy, suggesting a more severe autoimmune response than in NOD/ShiLtJ controls
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digestive/alimentary system
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• mice exhibit increased infiltration of lymphocytes in the salivary gland
• however, no evidence of inflammatory infiltration is seen in the colon, lung, kidney, liver or heart
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• mice exhibit increased infiltration of lymphocytes in the salivary gland
• however, no evidence of inflammatory infiltration is seen in the colon, lung, kidney, liver or heart
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• mice show numerous shrunk islets with a reduction of insulin-positive cells compared to controls which show more structured islets and insulin-secreting beta cells
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• mice exhibit more islets with invasive insulitis at both early prediabetic stage (5-6 weeks) and advanced diabetic stage 12 (12-15 weeks) compared to control NOD/ShiLtJ mice
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growth/size/body
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• mice exhibit splenomegaly, suggesting a more severe autoimmune response than in NOD/ShiLtJ controls
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hematopoietic system
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• isolated CD4 T cells costimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 show increased CD4 T cell proliferation without an impact on T cell apoptosis
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• mice exhibit splenomegaly, suggesting a more severe autoimmune response than in NOD/ShiLtJ controls
|
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• although the proportions of CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes are comparable to controls, mice exhibit a higher proportion of CD44hi CD62Llo effector and lower proportion of CD44lo CD62Lhi nave T cells in total CD4 T cells
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• the frequency of CD4+/IFN-gamma+ (Th1) cells is much higher than in controls
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• mice show a modest increase of CD4+/IL-4+ (Th2) cells, but without a perceptible change in CD4+/IL-17A+ (Th17) and CD4+/Foxp3+ (Treg) subsets compared to controls
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• frequency of IFN-gamma+ cytotoxic CD8 T cells is higher than in controls
|
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• isolated CD4 T cells costimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 show increased CD4 T cell proliferation without an impact on T cell apoptosis, and higher amounts of type I cytokine expression, including IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha
• isolated CD4 T cells produce higher IFN-gamma levels under non-polarized conditions
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cellular
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• isolated CD4 T cells costimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 show increased CD4 T cell proliferation without an impact on T cell apoptosis
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