About   Help   FAQ
Phenotypes associated with this allele
Allele Symbol
Allele Name
Allele ID
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd
transgene insertion 1, Mark M Davis
MGI:2385683
Summary 10 genotypes
Jump to Allelic Composition Genetic Background Genotype ID
cx1
Ncaph2nes/Ncaph2nes
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
C57BL/6-Ncaph2nes Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd MGI:3718590
cx2
Rag2tm1Fwa/Rag2tm1Fwa
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Tg(TLK2mHEL)2Ccg/0
involves: 129S/SvEv * C57BL/6 MGI:3799693
cx3
Rag2tm1Fwa/Rag2tm1Fwa
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
involves: 129S/SvEv * C57BL/6 MGI:3799694
cx4
Tg(ML5sHEL)5Ccg/0
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
involves: C57BL/6 * C57BL/10 * C57BR/cd MGI:3799690
cx5
Tg(KLK4mHEL)6Ccg/0
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
involves: C57BL/6 * C57BL/10 * C57BR/cd MGI:3799688
cx6
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Tg(TLK2mHEL)2Ccg/0
involves: C57BL/6 * C57BL/10 * C57BR/cd MGI:3799692
cx7
Tg(ML5sHEL)5Ccg/0
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Tg(TLK2mHEL)2Ccg/0
involves: C57BL/6JSfd * C57BL/10 * C57BR/cd MGI:3799695
cx8
Tg(ILK3mHEL)3Ccg/0
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
involves: C57BL/6JSfd * C57BL/10Sg * C57BR/cd MGI:3799685
tg9
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0 involves: C57BL/6 MGI:3799372
tg10
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0 involves: C57BL/6 * C57BL/10 * C57BR/cd MGI:3799684


Genotype
MGI:3718590
cx1
Allelic
Composition
Ncaph2nes/Ncaph2nes
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Genetic
Background
C57BL/6-Ncaph2nes Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Ncaph2nes mutation (3 available); any Ncaph2 mutation (38 available)
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd mutation (6 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• decrease in the proportion of double positive cells and increase in the proportion of DN4 cells
• increase in the proportion of double negative T cell progenitors with high levels of CD44 expression in the thymus
• decrease in the proportion of double positive cells in the thymus similar to homozygous mice not expressing the prearranged T cell receptor transgene

hematopoietic system
• decrease in the proportion of double positive cells and increase in the proportion of DN4 cells
• increase in the proportion of double negative T cell progenitors with high levels of CD44 expression in the thymus
• decrease in the proportion of double positive cells in the thymus similar to homozygous mice not expressing the prearranged T cell receptor transgene

endocrine/exocrine glands
• decrease in the proportion of double positive cells and increase in the proportion of DN4 cells




Genotype
MGI:3799693
cx2
Allelic
Composition
Rag2tm1Fwa/Rag2tm1Fwa
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Tg(TLK2mHEL)2Ccg/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S/SvEv * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Rag2tm1Fwa mutation (48 available); any Rag2 mutation (117 available)
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd mutation (6 available)
Tg(TLK2mHEL)2Ccg mutation (0 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• 54% of mice develop thyroiditis compared to 100% of mice carrying both transgenes on a Rag2+ background
• the absolute number of double-positive T cells is reduced 3- to 4- fold
• there is reduced surface expression of T cell receptor components compared to mice transgenic for just the TCR transgene
• T cells also express surface markers indicative of recently being activated (high CD44, low CD45RB)
• the number of CD4 T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes is severely reduced
• there are 25-fold fewer peripheral T cells present than in Rag2 null homozygotes carrying just the TCR transgene
• CD4 T cells have a greatly reduced capability to activate and help B cell antibody production in vivo
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to greatly reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a reduced proliferative response to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene

endocrine/exocrine glands
• 54% of mice develop thyroiditis compared to 100% of mice carrying both transgenes on a Rag2+ background

hematopoietic system
• the absolute number of double-positive T cells is reduced 3- to 4- fold
• there is reduced surface expression of T cell receptor components compared to mice transgenic for just the TCR transgene
• T cells also express surface markers indicative of recently being activated (high CD44, low CD45RB)
• the number of CD4 T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes is severely reduced
• there are 25-fold fewer peripheral T cells present than in Rag2 null homozygotes carrying just the TCR transgene
• CD4 T cells have a greatly reduced capability to activate and help B cell antibody production in vivo
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to greatly reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a reduced proliferative response to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene

cellular
• CD4 T cells have a reduced proliferative response to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene




Genotype
MGI:3799694
cx3
Allelic
Composition
Rag2tm1Fwa/Rag2tm1Fwa
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Genetic
Background
involves: 129S/SvEv * C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Rag2tm1Fwa mutation (48 available); any Rag2 mutation (117 available)
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd mutation (6 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• there is a skewing towards the CD-4 T cell subset in mice on a homozygote H2k/k background
• the ratio of T cell subsets in the thymus is skewed toward CD8 T cells on a heterozygote H2b/k background
• 55.9% of the double-positive thymocytes express the transgenic TCR
• 15% of total lymphocytes found in lymph nodes are CD4 T cells bearing the transgenic TCR
• CD4 T cells that express the transgenic TCR-beta chain also express low or high amounts of the TCR-alpha chain
• the CD4 T cells expressing the low amounts of transgenic TCR-alpha may also express endogenous TCR-alpha chains
• the number of CD4 T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes is severely reduced
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR proliferate in response to hen egg lysozyme
• proliferation occurs whether CD4 T cells are low or high expressers of the transgenic TCR-alpha chain

hematopoietic system
• there is a skewing towards the CD-4 T cell subset in mice on a homozygote H2k/k background
• the ratio of T cell subsets in the thymus is skewed toward CD8 T cells on a heterozygote H2b/k background
• 55.9% of the double-positive thymocytes express the transgenic TCR
• 15% of total lymphocytes found in lymph nodes are CD4 T cells bearing the transgenic TCR
• CD4 T cells that express the transgenic TCR-beta chain also express low or high amounts of the TCR-alpha chain
• the CD4 T cells expressing the low amounts of transgenic TCR-alpha may also express endogenous TCR-alpha chains
• the number of CD4 T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes is severely reduced
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR proliferate in response to hen egg lysozyme
• proliferation occurs whether CD4 T cells are low or high expressers of the transgenic TCR-alpha chain

endocrine/exocrine glands
• there is a skewing towards the CD-4 T cell subset in mice on a homozygote H2k/k background
• the ratio of T cell subsets in the thymus is skewed toward CD8 T cells on a heterozygote H2b/k background

cellular
• CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR proliferate in response to hen egg lysozyme
• proliferation occurs whether CD4 T cells are low or high expressers of the transgenic TCR-alpha chain




Genotype
MGI:3799690
cx4
Allelic
Composition
Tg(ML5sHEL)5Ccg/0
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6 * C57BL/10 * C57BR/cd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tg(ML5sHEL)5Ccg mutation (2 available)
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd mutation (6 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• there is a 32-fold reduction in the number of double positive T cells in the thymus
• there is reduced surface expression of T cell receptor components compared to mice transgenic for just the TCR transgene
• T cells also express surface markers indicative of recently being activated (high CD44, low CD45RB)
• CD 4 T cell numbers in the lymph nodes are reduced by almost three-quarters
• the number of lymph node CD4 T cells bearing a transgenic TCR is reduced 2- to 4- fold compared to mice transgenic just for the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a greatly reduced capability to activate and help B cell antibody production in vivo
• vitro TCR stimulation leads to greatly reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells do not proliferate to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene

hematopoietic system
• there is a 32-fold reduction in the number of double positive T cells in the thymus
• there is reduced surface expression of T cell receptor components compared to mice transgenic for just the TCR transgene
• T cells also express surface markers indicative of recently being activated (high CD44, low CD45RB)
• CD 4 T cell numbers in the lymph nodes are reduced by almost three-quarters
• the number of lymph node CD4 T cells bearing a transgenic TCR is reduced 2- to 4- fold compared to mice transgenic just for the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a greatly reduced capability to activate and help B cell antibody production in vivo
• vitro TCR stimulation leads to greatly reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells do not proliferate to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene

cellular
• CD4 T cells do not proliferate to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene




Genotype
MGI:3799688
cx5
Allelic
Composition
Tg(KLK4mHEL)6Ccg/0
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6 * C57BL/10 * C57BR/cd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tg(KLK4mHEL)6Ccg mutation (2 available)
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd mutation (6 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• there is a reduced number of CD4-positive thymocytes bearing the transgenic TCR
• the number of lymph node CD4 T cells bearing a transgenic TCR is reduced 10-fold compared to mice transgenic just for the TCR

hematopoietic system
• there is a reduced number of CD4-positive thymocytes bearing the transgenic TCR
• the number of lymph node CD4 T cells bearing a transgenic TCR is reduced 10-fold compared to mice transgenic just for the TCR




Genotype
MGI:3799692
cx6
Allelic
Composition
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Tg(TLK2mHEL)2Ccg/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6 * C57BL/10 * C57BR/cd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd mutation (6 available)
Tg(TLK2mHEL)2Ccg mutation (0 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• thyroids are extensively infiltrated by T cells bearing transgenic TCR, B cells and some macrophages
• however, no symptoms of hypothyroidism occur
• the absolute number of double-positive T cells is reduced 3- to 4- fold
• there is reduced surface expression of T cell receptor components compared to mice transgenic for just the TCR transgene
• T cells also express surface markers indicative of recently being activated (high CD44, low CD45RB)
• CD 4 T cell numbers in the lymph nodes are reduced by almost two-thirds
• the number of lymph node CD4 T cells bearing a transgenic TCR is reduced 2- to 4- fold compared to mice transgenic just for the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a greatly reduced capability to activate and help B cell antibody production in vivo
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to greatly reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a reduced proliferative response to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene

endocrine/exocrine glands
• thyroids are extensively infiltrated by T cells bearing transgenic TCR, B cells and some macrophages
• however, no symptoms of hypothyroidism occur

hematopoietic system
• the absolute number of double-positive T cells is reduced 3- to 4- fold
• there is reduced surface expression of T cell receptor components compared to mice transgenic for just the TCR transgene
• T cells also express surface markers indicative of recently being activated (high CD44, low CD45RB)
• CD 4 T cell numbers in the lymph nodes are reduced by almost two-thirds
• the number of lymph node CD4 T cells bearing a transgenic TCR is reduced 2- to 4- fold compared to mice transgenic just for the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a greatly reduced capability to activate and help B cell antibody production in vivo
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to greatly reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a reduced proliferative response to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene

cellular
• CD4 T cells have a reduced proliferative response to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene




Genotype
MGI:3799695
cx7
Allelic
Composition
Tg(ML5sHEL)5Ccg/0
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Tg(TLK2mHEL)2Ccg/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6JSfd * C57BL/10 * C57BR/cd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tg(ML5sHEL)5Ccg mutation (2 available)
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd mutation (6 available)
Tg(TLK2mHEL)2Ccg mutation (0 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
hematopoietic system
• there is a 32-fold reduction in the number of double positive T cells in the thymus
• there is reduced surface expression of T cell receptor components compared to mice transgenic for just the TCR transgene
• T cells also express surface markers indicative of recently being activated (high CD44, low CD45RB)
• CD 4 T cell numbers in the lymph nodes are reduced by almost three-quarters
• the number of lymph node CD4 T cells bearing a transgenic TCR is reduced 2- to 4- fold compared to mice transgenic just for the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a greatly reduced capability to activate and help B cell antibody production in vivo
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to greatly reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells do not proliferate to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene

immune system
• spontaneous thyroiditis does not occur in these mice as it does in mice doubly transgenic for Tg(ML5sHEL)5Ccg and Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd transgene
• there is a 32-fold reduction in the number of double positive T cells in the thymus
• there is reduced surface expression of T cell receptor components compared to mice transgenic for just the TCR transgene
• T cells also express surface markers indicative of recently being activated (high CD44, low CD45RB)
• CD 4 T cell numbers in the lymph nodes are reduced by almost three-quarters
• the number of lymph node CD4 T cells bearing a transgenic TCR is reduced 2- to 4- fold compared to mice transgenic just for the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a greatly reduced capability to activate and help B cell antibody production in vivo
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to greatly reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells do not proliferate to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene

endocrine/exocrine glands
• spontaneous thyroiditis does not occur in these mice as it does in mice doubly transgenic for Tg(ML5sHEL)5Ccg and Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd transgene

cellular
• CD4 T cells do not proliferate to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene




Genotype
MGI:3799685
cx8
Allelic
Composition
Tg(ILK3mHEL)3Ccg/0
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6JSfd * C57BL/10Sg * C57BR/cd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tg(ILK3mHEL)3Ccg mutation (6 available)
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd mutation (6 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• 90% of islets are extensively infiltrated by T cells bearing transgenic TCRs, B cells and some macrophages
• however, there are no symptoms of diabetes
• there is reduced surface expression of T cell receptor components compared to mice transgenic for just the TCR transgene
• there is a reduced number of CD4-positive thymocytes
• CD4 T cell numbers in the lymph nodes are reduced by about half
• the number of lymph node CD4 T cells bearing a transgenic TCR is reduced 2- to 4- fold compared to mice transgenic just for the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a reduced capability to activate and help B cell antibody production in vivo
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR have a somewhat reduced proliferative response to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene

hematopoietic system
• there is reduced surface expression of T cell receptor components compared to mice transgenic for just the TCR transgene
• there is a reduced number of CD4-positive thymocytes
• CD4 T cell numbers in the lymph nodes are reduced by about half
• the number of lymph node CD4 T cells bearing a transgenic TCR is reduced 2- to 4- fold compared to mice transgenic just for the TCR
• CD4 T cells have a reduced capability to activate and help B cell antibody production in vivo
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR have a somewhat reduced proliferative response to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene

endocrine/exocrine glands
• 90% of islets are extensively infiltrated by T cells bearing transgenic TCRs, B cells and some macrophages
• however, there are no symptoms of diabetes

cellular
• CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR have a somewhat reduced proliferative response to hen egg lysozyme antigen compared to CD4 T cells from mice carrying just the TCR transgene




Genotype
MGI:3799372
tg9
Allelic
Composition
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd mutation (6 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• vast majority of CD4 T cells express a T cell receptor that is specific for hen egg lysozyme (HEL) antigen
• CD4 T cells enlarge into blasts and express high levels of CD44 after 48 hours in culture
• CD4 T cells become activated when cultured with HEL protein and B cells from Tg(IghelMD4)4Ccg transgenic mice
• 12 hours of culture leads to upregulation of CD69 on the cell surface
• supernatant from these cultures supports a IL-2/IL-4 dependent cell line
• the use of HEL peptide leads to similar but somewhat reduced levels of activation
• CD4 T cells become activated and secrete cytokines when cultured with HEL protein and B cells from Tg(IghelMD4)4Ccg transgenic mice
• supernatant from these cultures supports a IL-2/IL-4 dependent cell line

hematopoietic system
• vast majority of CD4 T cells express a T cell receptor that is specific for hen egg lysozyme (HEL) antigen
• CD4 T cells become activated when cultured with HEL protein and B cells from Tg(IghelMD4)4Ccg transgenic mice
• 12 hours of culture leads to upregulation of CD69 on the cell surface
• CD4 T cells enlarge into blasts and express high levels of CD44 after 48 hours in culture
• supernatant from these cultures supports a IL-2/IL-4 dependent cell line
• the use of HEL peptide leads to similar but somewhat reduced levels of activation

cellular




Genotype
MGI:3799684
tg10
Allelic
Composition
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd/0
Genetic
Background
involves: C57BL/6 * C57BL/10 * C57BR/cd
Find Mice Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Tg(TcrHEL3A9)1Mmd mutation (6 available)
phenotype observed in females
phenotype observed in males
N normal phenotype
immune system
• there is a skewing towards the CD-4 T cell subset in mice on a homozygote H2k/k background
• the ratio of T cell subsets in the thymus is skewed toward CD8 T cells on a heterozygote H2b/k background
• 55.9% of the double-positive thymocytes express the transgenic TCR
• 15% of total lymphocytes found in lymph nodes are CD4 T cells bearing the transgenic TCR
• CD4 T cells that express the transgenic TCR-beta chain also express low or high amounts of the TCR-alpha chain
• the CD4 T cells expressing the low amounts of transgenic TCR-alpha may also express endogenous TCR-alpha chains
• CD 4 T cell numbers in the lymph nodes are reduced by about a third
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR proliferate in response to hen egg lysozyme
• proliferation occurs whether CD4 T cells are low or high expressers of the transgenic TCR-alpha chain

hematopoietic system
• there is a skewing towards the CD-4 T cell subset in mice on a homozygote H2k/k background
• the ratio of T cell subsets in the thymus is skewed toward CD8 T cells on a heterozygote H2b/k background
• 55.9% of the double-positive thymocytes express the transgenic TCR
• 15% of total lymphocytes found in lymph nodes are CD4 T cells bearing the transgenic TCR
• CD4 T cells that express the transgenic TCR-beta chain also express low or high amounts of the TCR-alpha chain
• the CD4 T cells expressing the low amounts of transgenic TCR-alpha may also express endogenous TCR-alpha chains
• CD 4 T cell numbers in the lymph nodes are reduced by about a third
• in vitro TCR stimulation leads to reduced expression of CD69 compared to T cells from mice transgenic for just the TCR
• CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR proliferate in response to hen egg lysozyme
• proliferation occurs whether CD4 T cells are low or high expressers of the transgenic TCR-alpha chain

endocrine/exocrine glands
• there is a skewing towards the CD-4 T cell subset in mice on a homozygote H2k/k background
• the ratio of T cell subsets in the thymus is skewed toward CD8 T cells on a heterozygote H2b/k background

cellular
• CD4 T cells expressing the transgenic TCR proliferate in response to hen egg lysozyme
• proliferation occurs whether CD4 T cells are low or high expressers of the transgenic TCR-alpha chain





Contributing Projects:
Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO)
Citing These Resources
Funding Information
Warranty Disclaimer, Privacy Notice, Licensing, & Copyright
Send questions and comments to User Support.
last database update
04/16/2024
MGI 6.23
The Jackson Laboratory