Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• in heterozygous matings, only 1 of 8 of the offspring are homozygous for the targeted allele instead of the expected 1 of 4, indicating a reduced transmission frequency
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• when heterozygotes are intercrossed, the litter size is reduced from an average of 7.3 mice/litter in heterozygotes mated to wild-type mice to 4.7 mice/litter
• when homozygotes are intercrossed, the litter size is reduced to 5.4 mice/litter
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hematopoietic system
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• homozygotes show normal T-cell development with no differences in the proportion of immature T cell single- and double-positive subpopulations in the thymus, or in the absolute number or proportion of peripheral T-cell subpopulations in the spleen or lymph nodes relative to wild-type control mice
• no differences in hematocrit, erythrocyte hemoglobin content, blood reticulocytes numbers, serum erythropoietin levels, differential leukocyte counts, platelet counts or gross cellular morphology are observed
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• homozygotes display a modest block in B-cell development at the stage C to D transition
• however, no reduction in splenic or lymph node B-cell numbers are observed, indicating normal peripheral B-cell numbers
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• homozygotes display a reduced number of B-cell precursors in stages D and E, but normal numbers of A-C and F stage cells, in the bone marrow
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• homozygotes show a reduction in late pre-B cells in the bone marrow
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• the color of freshly prepared mutant spleens is darker than normal
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• in vitro, mutant erythrocytes display increased aggregation relative to wild-type erythrocytes
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• in vivo, mutant erythrocytes display a 2- to 3-fold shorter half-life relative to wild-type erythrocytes; however, no anemia is observed
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• mutant erythrocytes are more susceptible to hypotonic lysis in vitro
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immune system
| N |
• homozygotes show normal T-cell development with no differences in the proportion of immature T cell single- and double-positive subpopulations in the thymus, or in the absolute number or proportion of peripheral T-cell subpopulations in the spleen or lymph nodes relative to wild-type control mice
• in addition, homozygotes display a normal immune response in a variety of immunization and infection models, including normal antigen-specific serum antibody titers following immunization with T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent antigens, and clearance of bacterial infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and Listeria monocytogenes
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• homozygotes display a modest block in B-cell development at the stage C to D transition
• however, no reduction in splenic or lymph node B-cell numbers are observed, indicating normal peripheral B-cell numbers
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• homozygotes display a reduced number of B-cell precursors in stages D and E, but normal numbers of A-C and F stage cells, in the bone marrow
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• homozygotes show a reduction in late pre-B cells in the bone marrow
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• the color of freshly prepared mutant spleens is darker than normal
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• upon infection with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (a nonlethal rodent malaria parasite), homozygotes exhibit a higher proportion of parasite-bearing erythrocytes, both in the acute phase just after the peak of infection (>10-fold increase) and in the recrudescence phase at ~25 days post-infection; however, homozygotes are able to clear the infection with kinetics similar to wild-type mice and are immune to a second challenge
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• mutant erythrocytes display a faster sedimentation rate relative to wild-type erythrocytes
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