Phenotypes associated with this allele

• Allele Symbol: Prlr^tm1Cnp
• Allele Name: targeted mutation 1, Paul A Kelly
• Allele ID: MGI:1888377
• Summary: 13 genotypes

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
hm1	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp	either: (involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd) or (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6)	MGI:2660641
hm2	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp	involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd	MGI:4431029
hm3	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp	involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6	MGI:4430505
hm4	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd	MGI:2660654
hm5	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:4430627
hm6	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:4430635
ht7	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^+	B6.129P2-Prlr^tm1Cnp/J	MGI:4430502
ht8	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^+	either: (involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd) or (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6)	MGI:2660642
ht9	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^+	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd	MGI:2660655
ht10	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^+	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:4430637
cx11	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^+ Socs1^tm1Wehi/Socs1^+	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:4430639
cx12	Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp Tg(C3-1-TAg)cJeg/0	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S2/SvPas * FVB/N	MGI:4431014
cx13	Ghrhr^lit/Ghrhr^lit Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J	MGI:4431047

Genotype
MGI:2660641

hm1

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp
• Genetic Background: either: (involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd) or (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6)

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

behavior/neurological

abnormal sexual interaction ( J:38093 )

♀ • females showed increased mating frequency

endocrine/exocrine glands

decreased primary ovarian follicle number ( J:38093 )

♀ • reduced number of primary follicles

reproductive system

decreased primary ovarian follicle number ( J:38093 )

♀ • reduced number of primary follicles

abnormal oogenesis ( J:38093 )

♀ • immature oocytes were released from the ovary

abnormal reproductive system physiology ( J:38093 )

• fertilization was impaired

• defective pre-implantation embryonic development

• mating did not induce pseudopregnancy

abnormal oviduct environment ( J:38093 )

♀

decreased ovulation rate ( J:38093 )

♀ • fewer than normal eggs are ovulated

abnormal uterine environment ( J:38093 )

♀

abnormal decidualization ( J:38093 )

♀ • the uterus was refractory to implantation, though occasional implanted blastocysts were observed

♀ • fertilized single and two-cell stage embryos were viable when reimplanted into pseudopregnant (C57BL/6 x CBA)F1 hosts

female infertility ( J:38093 )

♀

male infertility ( J:38093 )

♂ • Background Sensitivity: on a mixed background, 3 of 15 males were infertile

reduced male fertility ( J:38093 )

♂ • Background Sensitivity: on a mixed background, 5 of 15 males were showed impaired fertility

embryo

abnormal decidualization ( J:38093 )

♀ • the uterus was refractory to implantation, though occasional implanted blastocysts were observed

♀ • fertilized single and two-cell stage embryos were viable when reimplanted into pseudopregnant (C57BL/6 x CBA)F1 hosts

Genotype
MGI:4431029

hm2

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp
• Genetic Background: involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd

reproductive system

reproductive system phenotype ( J:85593 )

N • Background Sensitivity: on a predominantly 129/Sv background, male mice exhibit normal reproductive morphology and fertility

homeostasis/metabolism

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype ( J:85593 )

N • Background Sensitivity: on a predominantly 129/Sv background, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone plasma levels are normal

decreased body temperature ( J:101609 )

decreased thyroxine level ( J:101609 )

• serum-free T4 levels are lower than in wild-type mice

endocrine/exocrine glands

abnormal thyroid gland morphology ( J:101609 )

• at 2, 4, and 5 months of age, thyroid gland weight is increased compared to in wild-type mice

• mice exhibit an increase in mucus cell-like structures in the thyroid gland compared to in wild-type mice

increased thyroid carcinoma incidence ( J:101609 )

• mice develop medullary thyroid carcinomas unlike wild-type mice

neoplasm

increased thyroid carcinoma incidence ( J:101609 )

• mice develop medullary thyroid carcinomas unlike wild-type mice

Mouse Models of Human Disease		DO ID	OMIM ID(s)	Ref(s)
familial medullary thyroid carcinoma		DOID:0050547	OMIM:155240	J:101609

Genotype
MGI:4430505

hm3

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp
• Genetic Background: involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6

skeleton

decreased bone mass ( J:52026 )

• at 4 months of age as measured by bone mineral density and bone mineral content

abnormal bone ossification ( J:52026 )

• bone formation is decreased 60% compared to in wild-type mice

• the distance between mineralization fronts is decreased compared to in wild-type mice

abnormal bone mineralization ( J:52026 )

• trabecular and cortical long bone mineral apposition rates are less than in wild-type mice

• however, mineralizing and osteoblast surfaces are normal

delayed bone ossification ( J:52026 )

• in the calvaria at E18.5

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased circulating estradiol level ( J:52026 )

• in female mice

increased circulating prolactin level ( J:52026 )

• 40-fold

increased circulating parathyroid hormone level ( J:52026 )

decreased circulating progesterone level ( J:52026 )

• in female mice

abnormal circulating calcium level ( J:52026 )

Genotype
MGI:2660654

hm4

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp
• Genetic Background: involves: 129P2/OlaHsd

behavior/neurological

behavior/neurological phenotype ( J:83247 )

N • mice exhibit normal spatial learning in a Morris water maze test

abnormal maternal behavior ( J:83247 )

♀ • virgin females fail to develop full maternal behavior towards fostered pups even after 6 days of exposure compared with wild-type mice that require only 1-2 days of exposure

abnormal pup retrieval ( J:83247 )

♀ • virgin females take 6 days of daily exposure sessions to fostered pups to retrieve them if they retrieve them at all compared with 1 or 2 daily exposure sessions for wild-type mice

growth/size/body

decreased body weight ( J:95779 )

• female mice exhibit decreased body weight compared with wild-type mice

• however, male mice exhibit normal body weight

slow postnatal weight gain ( J:95779 )

• after 4 months, female mice exhibit deficient weight gain compared with wild-type mice

skeleton

decreased bone mineral density ( J:95779 )

• slightly in female mice but not male mice

taste/olfaction

taste/olfaction phenotype ( J:83247 )

N • mice exhibit normal olfaction

integument

abnormal coat/ hair morphology ( J:70207 )

• mice have longer hair compared with wild-type mice

coarse hair ( J:70207 )

• slightly after G2

abnormal hair cycle ( J:70207 )

• after G2, hair replacement is advanced compared to in wild-type mice

• after G2, mice no longer exhibit sexual dimorphism in fiber eruption unlike in wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:4430627

hm5

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp
• Genetic Background: involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S2/SvPas

reproductive system

abnormal prostate gland epithelium morphology ( J:84352 )

♂ • prostate epithelial content is reduced compared to in wild-type mice

♂ • however, no difference is observed in castrated mice

increased prostate gland ventral lobe weight ( J:84352 )

♂ • ventral prostate weight in mature mice up to 1 year of age is increased compared to in wild-type mice

increased seminal vesicle weight ( J:84352 )

♂ • in mature, but not young, mice

male infertility ( J:84352 )

♂ • more mice exhibit total infertility than wild-type mice

reduced male fertility ( J:84352 )

♂ • latency to first litter conceived by male mice is delayed compared to for wild-type mice

vision/eye

vision/eye phenotype ( J:66544 )

N • mice exhibit normal IgA tear composition and strain sensitivity to conjunctivitis

abnormal lacrimal gland morphology ( J:66544 )

• male mice exhibit a small reduction in lacrimal gland acini per field compared to in wild-type mice due to a decrease in acinar area associated with an increase in acinar cell density

• however, the lacrimal gland in female mice is normal and castration of male mice restores normal lacrimal gland morphology

endocrine/exocrine glands

abnormal lacrimal gland morphology ( J:66544 )

• male mice exhibit a small reduction in lacrimal gland acini per field compared to in wild-type mice due to a decrease in acinar area associated with an increase in acinar cell density

• however, the lacrimal gland in female mice is normal and castration of male mice restores normal lacrimal gland morphology

abnormal prostate gland epithelium morphology ( J:84352 )

♂ • prostate epithelial content is reduced compared to in wild-type mice

♂ • however, no difference is observed in castrated mice

increased prostate gland ventral lobe weight ( J:84352 )

♂ • ventral prostate weight in mature mice up to 1 year of age is increased compared to in wild-type mice

increased seminal vesicle weight ( J:84352 )

♂ • in mature, but not young, mice

abnormal Harderian gland morphology ( J:66544 )

♂ • male mice exhibit a 10% increase in acinar cell density compared with wild-type mice

♂ • however, the Harderian gland in female mice is normal

abnormal Harderian gland porphyrin secretion ( J:66544 )

• male and female mice exhibit a decrease in solid porphyrin accretions compared with wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:4430635

hm6

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp
• Genetic Background: involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6

endocrine/exocrine glands

abnormal pancreatic islet morphology ( J:106829 )

• islet density is increased in weanling males and adult male and female mice compared to in wild-type mice

decreased pancreatic beta cell mass ( J:106829 )

• beta cell fraction and mass are reduced in male and female mice compared to in wild-type mice

small pancreatic islets ( J:106829 )

• islet size in weanling males is decreased compared to in wild-type mice

• however, adult male and female mice exhibit normal islet size

decreased insulin secretion ( J:106829 )

• islet insulin content is reduced compared to in wild-type cells

• insulin secretion in response to glucose is blunted compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice

growth/size/body

decreased body weight ( J:67354 )

• in female, but not male mice, at 27 to 37 weeks of age

• in female and male mice at 42 to 76 weeks of age

• female mice exhibit a greater reduction in body weight than male mice

slow postnatal weight gain ( J:67354 )

• in male and female mice

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased insulin secretion ( J:106829 )

• islet insulin content is reduced compared to in wild-type cells

• insulin secretion in response to glucose is blunted compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice

decreased circulating leptin level ( J:67354 )

• in female, but not male, mice at 7 to 9 months of age

impaired glucose tolerance ( J:106829 )

• mild

adipose tissue

decreased abdominal fat pad weight ( J:67354 )

• in male and female mice at 8 to 9 months of age

Genotype
MGI:4430502

ht7

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr⁺
• Genetic Background: B6.129P2-Prlr^tm1Cnp/J

nervous system

abnormal neuron proliferation ( J:83248 )

• at gestation day 7, mated females exhibit less of an increase in forebrain neurogenesis compared with mated wild-type mice

cellular

abnormal neuron proliferation ( J:83248 )

• at gestation day 7, mated females exhibit less of an increase in forebrain neurogenesis compared with mated wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:2660642

ht8

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr⁺
• Genetic Background: either: (involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd) or (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6)

behavior/neurological

abnormal maternal nurturing ( J:38093 )

♀ • some mothers scattered their pups, often burying them in sawdust

abnormal pup retrieval ( J:38093 )

♀ • when the mother reformed the nest, a pup was often left outside and not retrieved, whereas the others were suckled

endocrine/exocrine glands

abnormal mammary gland development ( J:38093 )

♀ • impaired development after first, but not subsequent, pregnancies

abnormal lactation ( J:38093 )

♀ • failure of lactation attributable after first, but not subsequent, pregancies

integument

abnormal mammary gland development ( J:38093 )

♀ • impaired development after first, but not subsequent, pregnancies

abnormal lactation ( J:38093 )

♀ • failure of lactation attributable after first, but not subsequent, pregancies

Genotype
MGI:2660655

ht9

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129P2/OlaHsd

behavior/neurological

behavior/neurological phenotype ( J:83247 )

N • mice exhibit normal spatial learning in a Morris water maze test

abnormal maternal behavior ( J:83247 )

♀ • virgin female require 4 days to develop full maternal behavior towards fostered pups compared with 1 or 2 days for wild-type mice

abnormal pup retrieval ( J:83247 )

♀ • virgin females take 4 to 5 days of daily exposure sessions to fostered pups to retrieve them compared with 1 or 2 daily exposure sessions for wild-type mice

taste/olfaction

taste/olfaction phenotype ( J:83247 )

N • mice exhibit normal olfaction

integument

abnormal hair cycle ( J:70207 )

• intermediate timing of molting relative to homozygotes and wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:4430637

ht10

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6

endocrine/exocrine glands

abnormal mammary gland development ( J:70408 )

♀ • at 2 days postpartum, lobuloalveolar structures are underdeveloped compared to in wild-type mice

integument

abnormal mammary gland development ( J:70408 )

♀ • at 2 days postpartum, lobuloalveolar structures are underdeveloped compared to in wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:4430639

cx11

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr⁺; Socs1^tm1Wehi/Socs1⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6

endocrine/exocrine glands

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype ( J:70408 )

N • unlike in Prlr^tm1Cnp heterozygotes, lobuloalveolar structure development at 2 days postpartum is normal

reproductive system

reproductive system phenotype ( J:70408 )

N • unlike in Prlr^tm1Cnp heterozygotes, lobuloalveolar structure development at 2 days postpartum is normal

Genotype
MGI:4431014

cx12

• Allelic Composition: Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp; Tg(C3-1-TAg)cJeg/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S2/SvPas * FVB/N

neoplasm

increased prostate intraepithelial neoplasia incidence ( J:84352 )

♂ • mice exhibit a decrease in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in the ventral lobe compared with Tg(C3-1-TAg)cJeg mice

♂ • however, PIN development in the dorsal lobe is the same as in Tg(C3-1-TAg)cJeg mice and mice do not develop prostate tumors

endocrine/exocrine glands

increased prostate intraepithelial neoplasia incidence ( J:84352 )

♂ • mice exhibit a decrease in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in the ventral lobe compared with Tg(C3-1-TAg)cJeg mice

♂ • however, PIN development in the dorsal lobe is the same as in Tg(C3-1-TAg)cJeg mice and mice do not develop prostate tumors

reproductive system

increased prostate intraepithelial neoplasia incidence ( J:84352 )

♂ • mice exhibit a decrease in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in the ventral lobe compared with Tg(C3-1-TAg)cJeg mice

♂ • however, PIN development in the dorsal lobe is the same as in Tg(C3-1-TAg)cJeg mice and mice do not develop prostate tumors

Genotype
MGI:4431047

cx13

• Allelic Composition: Ghrhr^lit/Ghrhr^lit; Prlr^tm1Cnp/Prlr^tm1Cnp
• Genetic Background: involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased circulating glucose level ( J:95779 )

• at P7 and 3 months of age, serum glucose levels are lower than in wild-type mice unlike either single homozygote

• at 12 months, female mice exhibit decreased serum glucose level compared with wild-type mice or Prlr^tm1Cnp homozygotes

increased circulating glucose level ( J:95779 )

• at 12 months in fasting male mice

increased circulating insulin level ( J:95779 )

• at P7, plasma insulin levels are decreased compared to in wild-type mice

• adult female mice exhibit decreased fasting insulin levels compared to in wild-type mice

decreased circulating insulin-like growth factor I level ( J:95779 )

• at P7

increased circulating leptin level ( J:95779 )

• in fasted female mice and fed male mice

impaired glucose tolerance ( J:95779 )

• in aged male mice

insulin resistance ( J:95779 )

• at 12 and 18 months in male mice

growth/size/body

decreased lean body mass ( J:95779 )

decreased body weight ( J:95779 )

• at P7, mice weigh less than wild-type mice unlike either single homozygote

• however, by 600 days male mice exhibit normal body weight

slow postnatal weight gain ( J:95779 )

• until 160 days of age, male mice exhibit decreased body weight gain compared with wild-type mice

• up to 1 year of age, female mice exhibit a reduced body weight gain compared with wild-type mice that is similar to in Ghrhr^lit female mice

increased susceptibility to age related obesity ( J:95779 )

• aged male mice

skeleton

short femur ( J:95779 )

decreased bone mineral density ( J:95779 )

adipose tissue

increased total body fat amount ( J:95779 )

• body fat as a percent of body weight in male mice is increased compared to in wild-type mice

• aging female mice exhibit increased percent body fat compared with wild-type mice

behavior/neurological

abnormal eating behavior ( J:95779 )

• in male mice at 15 months of age

limbs/digits/tail

short femur ( J:95779 )