Analysis Tools
behavior/neurological
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• mice exhibit increased acoustic startle response amplitude compared with wild-type mice
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Allele Symbol Allele Name Allele ID |
Drd1tm1Jcd targeted mutation 1, John Drago MGI:1857158 |
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| Summary |
9 genotypes
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• mice exhibit increased acoustic startle response amplitude compared with wild-type mice
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• 7% of methamphetamine-treated mice die compared with 27% of similarly treated wild-type mice
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• methamphetamine-treated mice exhibit less of an increase in body temperature compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
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• 7% of methamphetamine-treated mice die compared with 27% of similarly treated wild-type mice
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• methamphetamine-treated mice exhibit less of an increase in body temperature compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
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• baseline amplitude of the light-adapted electroretinographic response is reduced
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• visual acuity is reduced
• small increase in contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequencies
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• methamphetamine-treated mice exhibit less of an increase in body temperature compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• 3-5 month old nulls maintain enhanced step-through latencies for up to 45 days post shock-conditioning
• after confinement for 1 minute to the shock-paired chamber, null mice show less of a decline in latency to enter the conditioning chamber compared to wild-type
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• 3-5 month old mice exhibit delayed extinction of conditioned fear responses compared to wild-type; mice display normal acquisition of contextual fear conditioning; null mice do not show a decline in freeaing responses over three days as do the wild-type; a significantly higher her percentage of contextual freezing responses is observed for up to 90 days
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• on reversal trials with the platform in a new location, null animals have longer escape latencies than control over the course of 12 trials
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• in a Morris water maze
(J:102600)
• 3-5 month old null mice exhibit a spatial learning deficit as shown by longer latencies to locate a hidden platform in the initial acquisition phase
(J:102603)
• in the first probe trial with an absent platform conducted 24 hours after the acquisiton trials, null mice display less selective searching behavior for an absent platform and less time in the target quadrant (40% for control, 27% for nulls); on reversal trials with the platform in a new location, null animals have longer escape latencies than control over the course of 12 trials
(J:102603)
• in a second probe trial with the platform removed, the time spent in the target quadrant by null mice is 31% compared to 50% by controls and had a reduced number of annulus crossings through the former location of the platform
(J:102603)
• in trials with a visual cue of the platform location, null mice showed longer escape latencies during trials 4-12, then showed similar performance to conrols
(J:102603)
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• mice tend to float in the water instead of swimming compared with wild-type mice
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• in the water
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• compared with wild-type mice
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• in an open field compared with wild-type mice
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• at E15, fewer neurons enter the cerebral wall compared to in wild-type mice
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• at E15, the number of GABA+ cells is decreased 25% in the presumptive medial prefrontal cortex compared to in wild-type mice
• at E15, GABA+ cell density is decreased in the intermediate zone 48% compared to in wild-type mice
• at E15, GABA+ cell density in the ventral zone/subventricular zone is decreased 53% compared to in wild-type mice
• however, the numbers of GABA+ cells in the marginal zone and subplate/cortical plate are normal
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• nulls are 20-30% smaller than heterozygotes or wild-type
(J:67395)
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• at E15, fewer neurons enter the cerebral wall compared to in wild-type mice
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• majority of mice die within 1 week after weaning unless given hydrated food
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• by weaning, mice have hunched posture
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• 5-6 week old mutants exhibit significantly fewer rearing events than wild-type
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• mice that are separated from heterozygous and wild-type littermates fed moistened lab chow appear healthy but only gain 70% of weight that sex-matched littermates reach by 6 weeks of age
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• mice are normal with respect to wild-type up to 2 weeks of age, but are significantly growth retarded by weaning age; mice appear sickly and majority do not gain weight
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• by weaning, mice have poorly groomed coat
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• after confinement for 1 minute to the shock-paired chamber, 3 to 5 month old heterozygous mice show less of a decline in latency to enter the conditioning chamber compared to wild-type
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• 3-5 month old mice exhibit delayed extinction of conditioned fear responses compared to wild-type; mice display normal acquisition of contextual fear conditioning; null mice do not show a decline in freeaing responses over three days as do the wild-type; a significantly higher her percentage of contextual freezing responses is observed for up to 90 days
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• double homozygotes die during the second or third week of life, with none surviving beyond postnatal day 18 (P18)
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• double homozygotes appear runted at P11
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• double homozygotes fail to thrive after P7-P10
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• double homozygotes cease feeding during postnatal development
• hand-feeding initiated at P11 fails to extend survival beyond P15
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• only traces of milk are detected in double mutant stomachs
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• growth arrest is followed by significant hypoactivity
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| N |
• double homozygotes display normal brain morphology and development of dopaminergic and striatal neurons
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• expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AGRP) is increased by 3- and 2-fold, respectively, in the arcuate nuclei of double mutant mice
• in contrast, orexin expression in the lateral hypothalamic area is decreased by 40% relative to that in wild-type controls
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• at 7-15 days of age, 5 of 45 double homozygotes display hemorrhage in the digestive tract
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• double homozygotes display abnormal development and/or function of the digestive tract
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• double homozygotes show a reduction in intestinal diameter relative to wild-type controls
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• double homozygotes exhibit poorly formed intestinal smooth muscle cell layers
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• double homozygotes lack well formed feces in the colon and rectum, suggesting dysregulation of GI motility and water absorption from the large bowel
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• at 7-15 days of age, 5 of 45 double homozygotes display hemorrhage in the digestive tract
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• double homozygotes exhibit poorly formed intestinal smooth muscle cell layers
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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• mutant mice do not survive the postweaning period unless given highly hydrated food
• when fed a normal breeder diet, only 50% of mutants survive to P25 but none survive to P50
• when fed a semiliquid diet, 86% of mutantss survive to P25 and 69% survive to P50
• however, when the semiliquid feeding regimen is discontinued, mutant mice lose weight and eventually die within 2-3 days
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• mutant mice fed a normal breeder diet fail to thrive after weaning whereas those fed a semiliquid diet grow at a significantly reduced rate relative to wild-type controls
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• at 21 days of age, mutant mice fed with a normal breeder diet display hemorrhages in the digestive tract
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• mutant mice fed a normal breeder diet display multiple chronic small intestine ulcers accompanied by intense hemorrhage
• however, no ulcers or intense hemorrhage are observed when mutant mice are fed a semiliquid diet
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• mutant mice fed with breeder diet display a severe villous atrophy in the duodenum
• lethal ulcerations appear to be prevented by a semiliquid diet
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• no food is ever found in mutant stomachs despite food ingestion
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• mutant mice fed a normal breeder diet display severe ulcerative jejunoileitis, characterized by multiple chronic small intestine ulcers and bleeding
• histological changes are pronounced in the duodenum and upper jejunum, less prominent in the lower jejunum, and nearly absent in the ileum
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• mutant mice fed a normal breeder diet display severe ulcerative jejunoileitis, characterized by multiple chronic small intestine ulcers and bleeding
• histological changes are pronounced in the duodenum and upper jejunum, less prominent in the lower jejunum, and nearly absent in the ileum
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• at 21 days of age, mutant mice fed with a normal breeder diet display hemorrhages in the digestive tract
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
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| ♀ | phenotype observed in females |
| ♂ | phenotype observed in males |
| N | normal phenotype |
| N |
• mice exhibit normal numbers of entries into the open arms of an elevated plus maze compared with wild-type mice
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• in a Morris water maze
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• mice tend to float in the water instead of swimming compared with wild-type mice
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• in the water
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• compared with wild-type mice
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• mice exhibit lower swim speed compared with wild-type mice
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• in an open field compared with wild-type mice
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Mouse Genome Database (MGD), Gene Expression Database (GXD), Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (MMHCdb) (formerly Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB)), Gene Ontology (GO) |
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last database update 04/16/2024 MGI 6.23 |
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